When the species that make up a forest are predominantly thorny, the entire forest will be thorny. This is called a thorn forest. As seen in arid regions, species with many thorns become dominant in order to prevent excessive transpiration, and the resulting forest can become what is known as a thorn forest. However, in African thorn forests, the thorns are densely stacked on top of each other, physically preventing animals from invading and preventing them from being eaten, which is an adaptive feature. Having thorns is often adaptive as a physiological function of individual plants, but as in this example, it is not uncommon for the morphological specialization of individuals to have ecological significance for the entire forest. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
森林を構成している種が,とげの多いものを主としている場合,森林全体がとげが多い状態になっている。これをとげ林という。乾燥地帯などでみられるように,過度の蒸散を防ぐためにとげが多くなった種が優勢となり,でき上がった林がいわゆるとげ林になった場合もあるが,アフリカのとげ林では,とげが密に重なり合い,動物が侵入することを物理的に阻害して,食い荒らされることを防ぐという適応的な意味ももっている。とげをもつことが植物の個体の生理的機能として適応的である場合が多いが,この例のように,個体の形態的な特殊化が,森林全体にとって生態的な意味をもつ例も珍しくない。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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