Ki - Ki

Japanese: 気 - き

〘 noun 〙 [1] A natural phenomenon that changes or flows. Or, the entity that causes the natural phenomenon. ① A natural phenomenon that appears between heaven and earth, such as wind, rain, cold, and heat. ※Kaido-ki (c. 1223), Kikugawa, Tegoe: "At the time of the Churyo season, the weather was changing with the seasons, but the weather was changing with the seasons." ② A period of 24 days in the lunar calendar, or 15 days. "Twenty-four air" ※Meigoki (1275), vol. 5: "This air changes gradually through ten stages." ③ The spirit of heaven and earth that gives birth to all things. The energy that overflows heaven and earth. ※Hizo-ho-kagi (c. 830), vol. 1: "When a person dies, _{air returns} , _{_{but they cannot be reborn}} ." ④ Air. Atmosphere. ※Joruri, Hara Tokiwa (c. 1710), vol. 1: "Chinese immortals leave their forms, lose their air, and drink the wind." ⑤ Rising gas, such as clouds, fog, or smoke. ※Wakan Roei (around 1018) Vol. 1 : "When the weather clears, the wind combs the hair of the new willows. When the ice melts, the waves and moss wash the beard (Tsuraoka) " ⑥ The taste and aroma that is unique to the beer. Fragrance. "Flat beer" ※Heike (before the 13th century) Vol. 3: "Within the wind and aroma is the fragrance of flowers" [2] It refers to life, spirit, and the movement of the heart. It was thought to be related to the energy of nature. ① Life. Breath. "An atmosphere that seems suffocating" [Nihonichi Kankyo Kahwakai (around 1565-66)] ② Spirit. Vitality. ※Kanazoshi Ukiyo Monogatari (around 1665) 2 "After correctly determining the causes of illness in the five provinces, including wind, cold, heat, dampness, hunger, and blood, as well as the true and false causes of internal injuries and external symptoms, medicine is given." ③ The workings of the mind. Consciousness. ※Joruri Natsumatsuri Naniwa Kagami (1745) 9 " Isonojo still had no recollection of his blushing face, and his mind was wandering, until he had run out of steam and decided to commit seppuku." ④ Mental tendency. Disposition. Feelings. ※Toraakirahon Kyogen Kogoe (late Muromachi period - early modern period) "I learned that there were reliable people." ⑤ A tense, lively spirit. Willpower. Spirit. ※Tsukuba Mondo (around 1357-72) "I also met a stranger who said to me, 'The way you hold the ball is really good when you sit down.' Perhaps this was a lesson in response to that person's feelings."⑥ The workings of the mind that tries to do something. Intention. Thought. Will. ※Kyogenki, Married Bride (1660) " Am I really a sick person?"⑦ The mind that thinks about this and that. Worry. ※Santai Shi Soinsho (1622) 1 "I told myself that I shouldn't be sad about something that I didn't expect, and that comforted me."⑧ Emotions. Feelings. Mood. ※Otogi-zoshi, Neko-no-zoshi (first in the Edo period) "Afraid of mice, he ran away and hid, not even running along the beams or rafters. Though he said he was walking, he was not doing so at all, but rather sneaking around. There was nothing better than this yesterday." ※Kaidan Botan-doro (1884) from San'yutei Encho, part 9 "He was hit by another and it hurt so much that it made him go mad. " ⑨ Tenacity. Spirit. → To run out of energy. ⑩ Interest, concern. Also, the feeling of longing for someone. → To have energy/to take energy. ⑪ The thought that it might be so, even though it is not completely clear. → To have a feeling. [3] At the stock exchange, it refers to a sense of presence . Popular. "He's fallen apart", "He's recovered"

Ge [spirit]

〘Suffix〙 The noun "ke", which expresses an appearance, becomes a voiced consonant when attached to a superscript. It is attached to nouns, the conjunctive form of verbs, and the stems of adjectives to express the meaning of appearance, appearance, etc. (a) It forms the stem of an adjectival verb. The most common examples are when it is attached to the stems of adjectives or auxiliary verbs that conjugate in the adjectival form, but it is also attached to the conjunctive form of verbs or auxiliary verbs that conjugate in the verb form, and other things. When seen from the outside, it gives the impression that it looks like that, that it looks like..., or that it is really.... "Looking lonely," "Looking beautiful," "Looking shy," "Looking good," etc. ※Kokin (905-914), Koi 4, 680: "When you say you look, look, look at the peak of Mt. Fuji, my love burns beautifully. (Fujiwara no Tadayuki)" ※Kanazoshi, Mi no Kagami (1659), vol. 1: "In the Analects of Confucius, the barn is burned, the morning sun _drives away the children, the _injured person, the horse _{_{is not asked}} , and so on." (Ro) As with the stem of an adjective, it can be made into a noun with the suffix "sa." In this case, the superscript "ge" is the stem of an adjective or an adjectival verb. It means that kind of appearance. "Sadness," "Purity," etc. ※Genji (around 1001-14), Kocho: "I remembered the fragrance and beauty of this princess." (Ha) It forms a noun. It is often attached to the conjunctive form of a verb as a noun or something similar, and also to the stem of an adjective. It is often used as a subject and followed by "nashi" as a predicate to form a phrase. It often contains the particle "mo" and sometimes an adjective with a negative meaning becomes the predicate. It means "There is no sign of that happening." "Childishless," "Not cute," etc. ※The Bamboo Cutter (late 9th century - early 10th century) "When you board the boat, trust in what the helmsman says as the highest mountain, for he says such an unreliable thing." ※The Pillow (end of the 10th century) 87 " Now , the snowy mountain looks like a true crossing, and it does not fade away." [Etymology] (1) (a) and (b) are often used with words that have psychological meanings such as feelings and value judgments, but are rarely used with color words. Being considerate to the other person can have the effect of softening one's expression by avoiding directly expressing one's own feelings or evaluation, or it can also imply the nuance of "It may seem like this, but in reality it may not be like that."
(2) It is said that "kiyage" expresses a level of beauty one level lower than "kiyora," which is probably related to the latter usage. Also, as in the example of (i) "mi no kagami" (mirror mirror), there are cases where one is reluctant to make a definitive statement. In modern Japanese, it has been replaced by "souda" (so), and "rashii" (seems like), and is not used much anymore.

Ke [spirit]

[1] 〘 noun 〙 (Perhaps the Go-on pronunciation of the character "ki" (spirit) or, according to one theory, the reading) ① The heat that something gives off, or the energy that something has. ※Nihon Shoki (720), First Year of Emperor Bidatsu, May (Maeda Honin) "In the year of Tatsumi, I steamed the feathers in rice - flavored air, and stamped the feathers with kneaded silk, completely copying the characters." ② Mood. Feeling. Also, energy. ※Genji (c. 1001-14), Yugao "He didn't feel any frightening air, and seemed very dejected." ③ The feeling one gets from the state of a person or thing. Appearance. Also, the appearance of a person. ※Ochikubo (late 10th century) 1 "He had a charming mouth and a slight fragrance." ④ Climate. Weather. Used in the form "ki o kanmi" (chi o kanmi) to mean that it is very cold. ※Sotanshu (early 11th century): "Even in the cold, clear winter night, my eyes are not visible, my clothes are thin." ⑤ Refers to various elements and ingredients. It is also used in the form of "the spirit of..." to refer to the state in which they are slightly felt. (a) Illness. [Wamyosho, 10 volumes (around 934)] ※Yonezawahon Shasekishu (1283): 4: "A certain person loved playing Go and played all night in winter, but he felt a stroke and his hands were cold, so he put stones in an earthenware pot and played." ( b ) Taste, smell, etc. ※Konjaku (around 1120): 1: "Just make an offering of it. It is auspicious because it is the spirit of rice." ( c ) Tendency. Propensity. ※Sasamakura (1966): 〈Maruya Saiichi〉 7: "It seems that the spirit was there before." (d) Childbirth spirit. ※Goyudono Kami Nikki - August 4, 1484 (16th year of Bunmei) "Gosan no ketsukite goiteari" [2] [Prefix] The noun "ke", which expresses a state, is used as a prefix. ① It is mainly attached to adjectives, verbs, and adjectival verbs to express the state, presence, etc. The state is... "Keosoroshi", "Keutoshi", "Kegiyoshi", "Kezayaka", "Kedakashi", "Kejikashi", "Kedohoshi", "Kedoru", "Kenatsukashi", "Kenikushi", etc. ② It is attached to verbs and adjectives to express vague or vague meanings. "Keoshisareru", "Kedarui", etc. [3] [Suffix] It is attached to nouns, the conjunctive form of verbs, and the stems of adjectives and adjectival verbs to express the state, presence, feeling, etc. When attached to a noun, there is often a glottal stop placed above it, such as 'samuke', 'iyake', 'kanake', 'kuike', 'shobaikke', 'onnakke', 'kazarikke', and 'chamedekke'.

gi [spirit]

〘Mnemom〙 When attached to a noun, it expresses the presence of a quality, temperament, or disposition that is appropriate to that thing. For example, 'otokogi' (male), 'young girl' (female), 'shobaigi' (business).

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙[一] 変化、流動する自然現象。または、その自然現象を起こす本体。① 風雨、寒暑など、天地間に現われる自然現象。※海道記（1223頃）菊川より手越「仲呂(ちゅうりょ)の節に当たりて、小暑の気様々催せども」② 陰暦で一年を二四分した一期、一五日をいう。「二十四気」※名語記（1275）五「この気は十箇をへて、次第にうつりかはる也」③ 万物を生育する天地の精。天地にみなぎっている元気。※秘蔵宝鑰（830頃）上「人死帰_レ気、更不_レ受_レ生」④ 空気。大気。※浄瑠璃・孕常盤（1710頃）一「中華の仙術かたちをはなれて、気をくらひ風をのみ」⑤ 雲、霧、煙などのように、上昇する気体。※和漢朗詠（1018頃）上「気霽(は)れては風新柳の髪を梳る氷消えては浪旧苔の鬚(ひげ)を洗ふ〈都良香〉」⑥ そのもの特有の味わい、かおり。香気。「気のぬけたビール」※平家（１３Ｃ前）三「風香調(ふがうでう)の内には、花芬馥(ふんぷく)の気を含み」[二] 生命、精神、心の動きなどについていう。自然の気と関係があると考えられていた。① いき。呼吸。「気の詰まりそうな雰囲気」〔日本一鑑窮河話海（1565‐66頃）〕② 精気。生活力。※仮名草子・浮世物語（1665頃）二「五蔵六府の病の品々、風・寒・暑・湿・き・血の虚実、内傷・外感の本を正しくして薬を与ふるに」③ 心のはたらき。意識。※浄瑠璃・夏祭浪花鑑（1745）九「礒之丞は猶赤面の覚(おぼえ)なき身の、気はうろうろ、せんかた尽きて切腹と」④ 精神の傾向。気だて。気ごころ。※虎明本狂言・呼声（室町末‐近世初）「たのふだ人のきは某がしった」⑤ 緊張した、さかんな精神。気力。気勢。※筑波問答（1357‐72頃）「又あらぬ人にあひて『鞠の手持ちやう、如何程もすわりたるよき』と仰せられき。是は其の人の気に対して教へかへられ侍るにや」⑥ 何事かをしようとする心のはたらき。つもり。考え。意志。※狂言記・貰聟（1660）「我(われ)はしかといぬまひといふきか」⑦ あれこれと考える心。心配。※三体詩素隠抄（1622）一「思ふやうにもない事を、わびかなしまふず事ではないと、自らおもひやって、気をなぐさめたぞ」⑧ 感情。気持。気分。※御伽草子・猫の草紙（江戸初）「鼠ををぢ恐れて、逃げ隠れ、桁、梁をも走らず。歩くといへ共、さなりもなく忍び歩きのてい也。かかるきのうまき事なし」※怪談牡丹燈籠（1884）〈三遊亭円朝〉九「相助打(ぶ)たれて気が逆上(のぼ)せ上るほど痛く」⑨ 根気。気根。→気が尽きる。⑩ 興味、関心。また、人を恋い慕う気持。→気がある・気を取る。⑪ 十分にはっきりとはしないが、そうではないかと思う考え。→気がする。[三] 取引所で、気配(きはい・けはい)の事。人気。「気崩れ」「気直る」

げ【気】

〘接尾〙様子の意を表わす体言「け」が、上接語と密着して濁音化したもの。体言、動詞の連用形、形容詞の語幹などに付いて、様子、けはい、などの意を表わす。(イ) 形容動詞の語幹をつくる。形容詞、または形容詞型活用の助動詞の語幹に付く例がもっとも多く、動詞、または動詞型活用の助動詞の連用形、その他にも付く。外からみて、どうもそれらしい様子である、…の様子、いかにも…という印象をうける。「心細げ」「うつくしげ」「はずかしげ」「おわしげ」など。※古今（905‐914）恋四・六八〇「君といへば見まれ見ずまれ富士の嶺(ね)のめづらしげなく燃ゆるわが恋〈藤原忠行〉」※仮名草子・身の鏡（1659）上「論語とやらんに、廐焚、子退_レ朝日、傷_レ人乎、不_レ問_レ馬と有げに候」(ロ) 形容詞の語幹と同じように、接尾語「さ」を伴って名詞化することがある。この場合、「げ」の上接語は、形容詞、形容動詞の語幹など。そのような様子の意。「悲しげさ」「清げさ」など。※源氏（1001‐14頃）胡蝶「此の姫君の御さまの匂ひやかげさを思し出でられて」(ハ) 名詞をつくる。多くは名詞、またはこれに準ずるものとして動詞の連用形に付き、形容詞の語幹にも付く。主語として、下に「なし」を述語として伴って句をなすことが多い。助詞「も」が入ることが多く、時に、否定的な意味を含む形容詞が述語になることもある。「そのような様子がない」の意。「大人げもない」「かわいげがとぼしい」など。※竹取（９Ｃ末‐１０Ｃ初）「船に乗ては楫取(かぢとり)の申す事をこそ高き山と頼め、などかく頼もしげなく申すぞ」※枕（１０Ｃ終）八七「さて雪の山、まことの越(こし)のにやあらんと見えて、消えげもなし」[語誌](1)(イ)(ロ)は心情や価値判断などの心理関係の意味を持つ語に接続することが多く、色彩語などに接続することは少ない。傍らから思いやるさまで、自己の心情や評価を直截に表現することを避けて表現を和らげる効果を出したり、「～のように見えるが本質はそうではないのでは…」というニュアンスを伴ったりすることもある。
(2)「清げ」は「清ら」に対して一段下の美を表わすというが、これは後者の用法と関係するものであろう。また、(イ)の挙例「身の鏡」のように断定を遠慮する場合もある。現代語では「～そうだ」「らしい」に代わられるなどして、あまり使われなくなっている。

け【気】

[1] 〘名〙 (「気」の字の呉音か。一説に、訓ともする)① ある物の発する熱気や、ある物の持っている勢い。※書紀（720）敏達元年五月（前田本訓）「辰爾乃ち、羽を飯の気(ケ)に蒸(む)して帛(ねりきぬ)を以て羽に印(お)して悉くに其の字を写す」② 気分。心地。また、気力。※源氏（1001‐14頃）夕顔「恐ろしきけもおぼえず、いとらうたげなる様して」③ 人や物の状態から受ける感じ。けはい。また、人のけはい。※落窪（１０Ｃ後）一「口つき愛敬づきて少しにほひたるけつきたり」④ 気候。天気。「気を寒み」の形で、寒さがきびしいのでの意に用いる。※曾丹集（１１Ｃ初か）「けをさむみ冴えゆく冬の夜もすがら目だにもあはず衣うすれて」⑤ いろいろな要素、成分をいう。また、「…の気」の形で用い、それらがわずかに感じられるさまをもいう。(イ) 病気。〔十巻本和名抄（934頃）〕※米沢本沙石集（1283）四「或人囲碁を愛して冬のよもすがら打つに、中風の気ありて手ひゆる故に土器(かはらけ)に石をいらせて打けり」(ロ) 味、匂いなど。※今昔（1120頃か）一「只、其を可供養し。米(よね)の気(け)なれば吉(よ)き物也」(ハ) 傾向。性向。※笹まくら（1966）〈丸谷才一〉七「その気(ケ)は前からあったらしいけどね」(ニ) 産気。※御湯殿上日記‐文明一六年（1484）八月四日「御さんの御けつきて御いてあり」[2] 〘接頭〙様子の意を表わす名詞「け」が、接頭語として用いられたもの。① 主として形容詞、また動詞、形容動詞の上に付いて、様子、気配などの意を表わす。様子が…である。「けおそろし」「けうとし」「けぎよし」「けざやか」「けだかし」「けぢかし」「けどほし」「けどる」「けなつかし」「けにくし」など。② 動詞、形容詞の上に付いて、何となく、漠然とした、などの意を表わす。「け押される」「けだるい」など。[3] 〘接尾〙体言、動詞の連用形、形容詞・形容動詞の語幹などに付いて、そのような様子、気配、感じなどの意を表わす。名詞に付く場合、上に促音を介することも多い。「さむけ」「いやけ」「かなけ」「くいけ」「商売っけ」「女っけ」「飾りっけ」「茶目っけ」など。