Special company - Tokushukaisha

Japanese: 特殊会社 - とくしゅかいしゃ
Special company - Tokushukaisha

A company established by special law for a specific purpose. Examples include the Shoko Chukin Bank Ltd. (Shoko Chukin, 2008) and Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. (Kansai International Airport, 1984). In terms of investment, it is a public-private joint venture (mixed) enterprise with the state and other private capital. The reason for the state's participation in the capital is that the business has a significant relationship to the public interest or national policy, and requires government supervision, protection, and guidance. However, it is a public-private joint venture because it also intends to demonstrate efficiency and profitability through private capital. For this reason, the state's investment is usually deferred or non-dividend. Management autonomy is fairly broad, but the government's intentions are strongly reflected in the appointment and dismissal of executives.

Many special companies are national policy companies, but the two are not the same. National policy companies are companies established to carry out national policy, but there can be general joint-stock companies that are not governed by special laws.

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

[Reference] | Company | Public-private joint venture | National policy company

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

特定の目的のために特別法によって設立される会社。株式会社商工組合中央金庫(商工中金、2008)、関西国際空港株式会社(関空、1984)などがその例である。出資面でみると、国とその他の私的資本の公私合同(混合)企業である。国が資本参加する理由は、その事業が公益または国家の政策に重大な関係があって、国の監督・保護・指導を必要とするためである。しかし、私的資本による効率と収益性の発揮をもあわせ意図するところから、公私合同企業になっている。このため、国の出資分については後配株または無配とするのが普通である。経営上の自主性はかなり広範であるが、役員任免については政府の意向が強く反映する。

 特殊会社の多くは国策会社であるが、両者は同一ではない。国策会社は国策遂行のために設けられた会社であるが、特別法によらない一般の株式会社であるものが存在しうるからである。

[森本三男]

[参照項目] | 会社 | 公私合同企業 | 国策会社

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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