Tokiwazu Forest Middle School

He was a Tokiwazu-bushi tayu (a chanter for Tokiwazu-style dancing) and was renowned as a master of the early modern period. His real name was Yamakage Tadasuke. He was the son of Ishikawa Seizo, a samurai of the Morioka domain, and was adopted by Yamakage Sadajiro, a samurai of the Miura domain. He started out as Watogiku, and later studied under his teacher Watodayu, becoming Kowatodayu. He further studied under the 4th Mojidayu and the 1st Matsuodayu, and after Matsuodayu's death, he became the 2nd Matsuodayu in 1863 (Bunkyu 3). In 1879 (Meiji 12), with the help of the 11th Morita Kanya, he was adopted by the widow of Saroku Bunchu (the illegitimate son of the 4th Mojidayu, commonly known as the 6th Komonjidayu), and became the 7th head of the family, Komonjidayu, but was divorced in 1886 and changed his name to Hayashichu. He soon established a separate school under the name Miyakoji Kunitayu Hanchu and attempted to tour the provinces, but failed and retreated to his hometown of Morioka. However, in 1896, he was invited by Ichikawa Danjūrō ​​IX to travel to Tokyo, and in February of the following year, he performed at the Kabukiza Theatre under his old name Hayashichu, greatly impressing critics and performers of other schools. His excellent style can be seen on recordings made at the time.

The name Hayashichu has been passed down to three generations, and the second (?-1919) was a disciple of the first, the second Monjihachi, a shamisen player, who succeeded him in 1908 (Meiji 41). The third (1894-1972) was the nephew of the second, Monjihachi, who played the shamisen like the second, but in 1962 (Showa 37) he took on the name of the third, and excelled at singing and playing the shamisen.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

常磐津節の太夫(たゆう)で、近世の名人とうたわれた。本名山蔭忠助。盛岡藩士石川清蔵の子で、三浦藩士山蔭定次郎の養子となる。初め和登菊(わとぎく)のち、その師和登太夫につき小和登太夫となる。さらに4世文字太夫、初世松尾太夫に師事し、松尾太夫死去後1863年（文久3）2世松尾太夫となる。79年（明治12）、11世守田勘弥(かんや)の世話で佐六文中(さろくぶんちゅう)（4世文字太夫の庶子で6世小文字太夫の通称）の未亡人の養子となり、家元7世小文字太夫となるが、86年に離縁になったので林中と改名。まもなく宮古路(みやこじ)国太夫半中(はんちゅう)を名のり別派を立て、地方巡業を試みたが失敗、郷里の盛岡に引きこもった。しかし1896年、9世市川団十郎に招かれて上京、翌年2月の歌舞伎(かぶき)座で林中の旧名に復して出演、批評家や他流の演奏家にも多大の感銘を与えた。その優れた芸風は当時吹き込みのレコードでしのぶことができる。

　林中の名は3世まであり、2世（？―1919）は、初世の門弟で三味線方の2世文字八が1908年（明治41）に2世を継いだ。3世（1894―1972）は2世の甥(おい)の3世文字八で、2世の立(たて)三味線であったが、1962年（昭和37）3世を襲名、弾き語りを得意とした。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］

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