Attempts to make "talking films" that produce sound and voice have been made since the early days of cinema, just like "color films". The most primitive system involved placing actors and sound technicians behind the screen in a theater to synchronize dialogue and sound with the screen. This system was apparently used at the Lumiere film festival in 1895 and for the special screening of DW Griffith's "The Birth of a Nation" (1915). After that, various systems were invented and improved, including Edison's "Kinetophone" and "Kinetophonograph", and produced a sound version of "Don Juan" (1926) with only sound and music, and "The Jazz Singer" (1927), a "partial talkie" in which only the singing scenes were recorded at the same time, and then "Lights of New York" (1928), with sound throughout, appeared as the first "100% all-talkie". Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
音や声の出る〈発声映画〉の試みは,〈カラー映画〉と同じように映画の初期からなされていた。もっとも原始的なシステムは,劇場のスクリーンの背後に俳優や音響係りを配置して,せりふや音をスクリーンにシンクロナイズ(同調)させるもので,1895年に行われたリュミエールの映画会にも,D.W.グリフィス監督の《国民の創生》(1915)の特別公開にもこのシステムが使われたことがあるという。その後,エジソンの〈キネトフォン〉,あるいは〈キネトフォノグラフ〉をはじめ,いろいろなシステムが発明,改良されて,音響と音楽だけのサウンド版《ドン・フアン》(1926),歌唱場面だけを同時録音した〈パート(部分)トーキー〉の《ジャズ・シンガー》(1927)がつくられ,次いで全編に音声が伴う《紐育の灯》(1928)が最初の〈100%オール・トーキー〉として登場する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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