Toki clan

Seiwa Genji. Mitsuhira, the seventh generation grandson of Minamoto no Yorimitsu, lived in Toki County, Minamoto no Kuni (Gifu Prefecture) at the end of the Heian period and called himself the Toki clan. Yorikane and his clanmate Tajimi Kuninaga participated in the Shochu Incident (1324) but failed, but Yorisada followed Ashikaga Takauji and became the guardian of Mino. During the Nanboku-cho period, the clan formed a clan rebellion bearing the family crest of the bellflower and played an active role on the side of the Ashikaga clan, with Yoriyasu and Yasuyuki serving as the guardians of the three provinces of Mino, Owari, and Ise, and the clan prospered, but Yasuyuki was defeated by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and lost his position as guardian of Owari and Ise. After that, many members of the clan became servants of the shogunate, and in Mino there were successive internal conflicts among the vassals, such as the Toshima Saito War, the Bunmei Mino Rebellion, and the Funada War, and in 1552 (Tenbun 21), Yoriyasu was pursued by Saito Dosan, and the main clan fell into decline. The clan had branches all over the country, and in the Edo period, in addition to the Toki family, who were the lords of Numata domain in Kozuke (Gunma Prefecture), there were several other hatamoto families that continued through the Meiji Restoration.

[Kenko Taniguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

清和源氏(せいわげんじ)。源頼光(みなもとのよりみつ)の7代の孫光衡(みつひら)が平安末期美濃国(みののくに)（岐阜県）土岐郡内に住し、土岐氏を称す。頼兼(よりかね)や一族の多治見国長(たじみくになが)らは正中(しょうちゅう)の変（1324）に参画し失敗するが、頼貞(よりさだ)は足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)に従って美濃守護となる。南北朝時代には家紋桔梗(ききょう)を冠した一族一揆(いっき)を結び足利方として活躍、頼康(よりやす)・康行(やすゆき)は美濃・尾張(おわり)・伊勢(いせ)3か国守護を兼帯して一族繁栄したが、康行が足利義満(よしみつ)に討伐されて尾張・伊勢守護職を失う。その後一族のなかに幕府奉公衆(ほうこうしゅう)となる家が多く、美濃では豊嶋斎藤(としまさいとう)合戦、文明美濃の乱、舟田(ふなだ)合戦など家臣団内部の抗争が相次ぎ、1552年（天文21）頼芸(よりのり)が斎藤道三(どうさん)に追われて主流は没落。一族は全国に分派しており、江戸時代には上野(こうずけ)（群馬県）沼田(ぬまた)藩主土岐家のほか、旗本数家があって明治維新に至っている。

［谷口研語］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例