Sharyousa

A scholar from the Northern Song Dynasty in China. His courtesy name was Xiandao. He was from Shangcai (Anhui Province) in Shouchun and was called Shangcai Sensei. He studied under the brothers Cheng Hao (Mingdao) and Cheng Yi (Yichuan), and was one of the four teachers of the Cheng school along with You Zu (1053-1123), Lü Dalin (c. 1042-c. 1090), and Yang Shi. At first, he boasted of his memory and vast knowledge, and was able to recite historical texts without a single error. Cheng Hao criticized him for his scholarship, saying that it was a game of losing one's will. It is a famous story that he was ashamed and enraged. In terms of his theory, Xie Liangzao's work is notable for its emphasis on the vitality of the human mind, its understanding of the reverence that Chengzi preached as constant vigilantness (keeping the mind always in an awakened state), and its clear analysis of the Confucian and Buddhist theories of mind. He had a major influence on the later development of Song studies, but Zhu Xi (Zhu Xi) criticized Xie Liangzao's scholarship for incorporating too many Buddhist elements and being too lofty. His works include "The Analects of Confucius," and the "Shangcai Sayings," edited by Zhu Xi, remain.

[Masaya Mabuchi February 17, 2016]

"Translated and annotated by Kengo Araki, 'Xie Shangcai' (included in 'The Zhu Xi School Series, Volume 3, Zhu Xi's Pioneers, Part 2', 1976, Meitoku Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北宋(ほくそう)の学者。字(あざな)は顕道(けんどう)。寿春上蔡(じょうさい)（安徽(あんき)省）の人で、上蔡先生とよばれた。程顥(ていこう)（明道(めいどう)）・程頤(ていい)（伊川(いせん)）兄弟に従学し、游酢(ゆうさく)（1053―1123）、呂大臨(りょたいりん)（1042ころ―1090ころ）、楊時(ようじ)らとともに程門の四先生の一人。最初、暗記力と博識を誇り、史書を一字も誤りなく暗唱してみせたのを程顥に「玩物喪志(がんぶつそうし)」の学問だと批評され、恥じて発憤したのは有名な話。学説のうえでは、身の痛癢(つうよう)を知覚できることがすなわち仁であるとし、人の心の生命力を重視した点、程子の説く敬とは常惺惺(じょうせいせい)（心をつねに覚醒(かくせい)した状態に保つこと）だと理解した点、儒仏の心性論を明確に分析した点などに特徴がある。後の宋学の発展に大きな影響を与えたが、朱熹(しゅき)（朱子）は、謝良佐の学問は仏教の要素を多く取り入れ高遠にすぎたと批判している。著作に『論語説』があり、ほかに朱熹の編集した『上蔡語録』が残っている。

［馬渕昌也　2016年2月17日］

『荒木見悟訳注「謝上蔡」（『朱子学大系　第3巻　朱子の先駆　下』所収・1976・明徳出版社）』

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