1806‐93 Swiss botanist, son of Augustin. Born in Paris and died in Geneva. Former professor at the University of Geneva. He conducted research in comparative morphology, plant taxonomy, and plant geography, and in particular demonstrated the close relationship between plant distribution and nutrition and temperature, laying the foundations of ecological geography. Building on these findings and adding knowledge of archaeology and linguistics as well as botany, he published A Rational Geography of Plants in 1855. He expanded one chapter of that book (the chapter on the phylogeny of cultivated plants) and published his famous The Origin of Cultivated Plants in 1883. Augustin Pyrame de CandolleSwiss botanist. Born in Geneva, he studied plants from an early age, and in 1805 published the third edition of Lamarck's Flora Francais with a critical edition. In 1808 he became professor of botany at the University of Montpellier in France, where he published the most advanced botanical text at the time, Elements of Botany (1813), and subsequently wrote The Organology of Plants (1827) and Physiology of Plants (1832), which provided guidelines for plant morphology and physiology. In 1816 he returned to Geneva, where he established a botanical garden and a natural history museum, and was involved in the founding of a public library and art museum. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1806‐93 スイスの植物学者で,オーギュスタンの子。パリで生まれ,ジュネーブで死去。ジュネーブ大学教授を務めたことがある。比較形態学,植物分類学,植物地理学などの研究をすすめ,とくに植物の分布が栄養・温度と関係が深いことを明らかにし,生態的地理学の基礎を築いた。それらの成果を土台とし,さらに植物学のみならず,考古学,言語学の知見も加えて,1855年《合理的植物地理学》を公にした。その書の1章(栽培植物の系統に関する章)を拡大し,83年有名な《栽培植物の起源》を刊行した。 ド・カンドル【Augustin Pyrame de Candolle】スイスの植物学者。ジュネーブ生れで,幼いときから植物を研究し,1805年にはラマルクの《フランス植物誌》を校訂して第3版を出版した。08年フランスのモンペリエ大学植物学教授となり,当時もっとも新しい植物学書の《基礎植物学原論》(1813)を出版,ついで《植物器官学》(1827),《植物生理学》(1832)を著し,植物形態学,生理学の指針を示した。16年にジュネーブに帰り,そこに植物園や自然史博物館をつくり,公立図書館,美術館の創立にもたずさわった。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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