Goshui Wakashu - Goshui Wakashu

This is the fourth imperially commissioned anthology of waka poetry produced during the Insei period. It was originally called Goshui Waka Sho. It was compiled by Fujiwara Michitoshi, and contains 20 volumes and 1218 poems. It was planned by Emperor Shirakawa as part of the restoration of imperial rule policy at the beginning of the Insei period, and was ordered to be compiled in 1075 (Shoho 2). However, due to Michitoshi's busy schedule as Kurodo no To, it took nine years for him to start work on it, and the draft version was completed in the spring of 1086 (Otoku 3). Afterwards, the work was inspected by Suo no Naishi, his aunt (the mother of Princess Yasusuke), and Minamoto no Tsunenobu, among others, and he also asked the famous calligrapher Sesonji Korefusa to make a fair copy, but due to some issues it was left in the compiler's hands (the family copy), and the compiler's nephew, Ryugen Hoshi, wrote the copy for presentation. During this process, he exchanged Goshui Mondo (a series of exchanges of poems) with Minamoto no Tsunenobu, a leading figure in the world of poetry, and made some excerpts and revisions to the selected poems, but Tsunenobu was not satisfied and wrote Nangoshui, which became the first book of books that debated the imperial anthologies. Michitoshi took the criticism seriously and revised the copy for presentation (the revised version). The collection received negative publicity, such as being nicknamed the "Koajishu" (Small Horse Mackerel Collection) due to rumors that bribery was allowed in the selection of poems (Fukuro-soshi). However, as the "Korai-fu-tei-sho" evaluates, there are many masterpieces that were accumulated during the period of silence since the reign of the Ichijo Emperor, including a diverse lineup of poets such as Izumi Shikibu, Sagami, Akazomeemon, and Ise no Taifu, as well as Noin Hoshi and his predecessors and juniors. The style and awareness of themes of the poems are also different from those of the Sandaishu, and the seeds of medieval waka can be seen in the cold, pure descriptions of scenery, the four seasons, and the diversification of love themes.

[Goto Shoko]

"Fujimoto Kazue, 'Goshui Wakashu Complete Translation and Annotation', 4 volumes (Kodansha Academic Library)" ▽ "Ueno Osamu, 'Goshuishu Before and After' (1976, Kasama Shoin)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

院政期に成った第4番目の勅撰(ちょくせん)和歌集。本来『後拾遺和歌抄』といった。藤原通俊(みちとし)撰(せん)、20巻、1218首。院政期初頭の王政復古政策の一環として、白河(しらかわ)天皇により企図され、1075年（承保2）命が下ったが、通俊が蔵人頭(くろうどのとう)の激務にあったため、9年後ようやく着手、1086年（応徳3）春、草稿本の成立をみた。その後、周防内侍(すおうのないし)、伯母(はくのはは)（康資王母(やすすけおうのはは)）、源経信(つねのぶ)などの内覧を経る一方、名筆世尊寺伊房(せそんじこれふさ)に清書を依頼したが、不都合があって結局これを撰者の手元にとどめ（家本(いえほん)）、撰者の甥(おい)、隆源法師が奏覧本を書いた。この過程で歌界の第一人者源経信との間に取り交わされた『後拾遺問答』（逸文を『袋草紙』に収める）により、撰入歌を切り出したり修正を加えたが、経信は飽き足りず、『難後拾遺』を著し、これが勅撰集論難書の嚆矢(こうし)となる。通俊は論難を重くみて奏覧本を再訂した（再奏本）。撰歌に賄賂(わいろ)を認めたとの風評から『小鰺(こあじ)集』と異名がつくなど芳しくない世評が伝わる（袋草紙）。しかし『古来風躰抄(こらいふうていしょう)』が評価するように、一条(いちじょう)朝以来の勅撰集空白期に累積した名歌は多く、とりわけ、和泉(いずみ)式部、相模(さがみ)、赤染衛門、伊勢大輔(いせのたいふ)などの閨秀(けいしゅう)歌人、能因法師とその先達、後輩の顔ぶれも多彩で、詠風、歌題意識も三代集と一線を画し、冷えさびた純粋叙景や四季、恋題意の細分化など中世和歌の萌芽(ほうが)をみうる。

［後藤祥子］

『藤本一恵著『後拾遺和歌集全訳注』全4冊（講談社学術文庫）』▽『上野理著『後拾遺集前後』（1976・笠間書院）』

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