Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de

Japanese: トゥルヌフォール（英語表記）Tournefort， Joseph Pitton de

Born: June 5, 1656 in Aix-en-Provence
[Died] December 28, 1708. Paris. French botanist and physician. He aspired to theology at his father's request, but after his father's death, he changed his course and studied botany while working as a physician. He made extensive research trips to Greece, Asia Minor, and other places, and gained fame for his botanical work. He was appointed to teach botany at the Royal Botanical Gardens in Paris (1688), a position he held until the end of his life. He was a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and the first professor of botany at the Royal Collège (1706). Although he was theoretically conservative, such as denying the gender of plants, he showed keen talent for observation and description. He created a classification system according to the structure of plants' flowers and fruits, and in particular established the concept of genus for the first time in plant taxonomy, laying the foundation for C. Linnaeus' binomial classification. His main work is Éléments de botanique (3 volumes, 1694).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1656.6.5. エクサンプロバンス
[没]1708.12.28. パリ
フランスの植物学者，医者。父の意向で神学を志したが，父の死後転向して医師をしながら植物学の研究に従事。ギリシア，小アジアなど広く調査旅行を行い，植物学上の仕事で名声を博した。パリの王立植物園で植物学を教えることになり (1688) ，終生その地位にあった。王立科学アカデミー会員，王立コレージュの初代植物学教授 (1706) 。植物の性別を否定するなど理論的には保守的な面もあったが，観察力と描写力に鋭い才能を示した。植物の花と果実の構造に従った分類体系をつくり，特に植物分類学上初めて属の概念を確立，C.リンネによる二命名法分類の基礎を据えた。主著『基礎植物学』 Éléments de botanique (3巻，1694) 。

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