Onuma Makurayama - Onuma Chinzan

Japanese: 大沼枕山 - おおぬま・ちんざん

Year of death: November 1, 1891
Year of birth: March 19, 1818 (April 24, 1818)
A Chinese poet from the late Edo Restoration period. His given name was Atsushi, his pen name was Koju, he was commonly known as Sutekichi, and his pen name was Makurayama. He was the son of Onuma Chikukei, who was a member of the Edo Shogunate's Nishimaru-fuko Hiroshiki Tobanshu and was also known as a Chinese poet. He was born in Shitaya, Edo. After losing his father at the age of 10, he took refuge with his uncle Washizu Shoin in Niwa village, Owari, and studied Chinese classics at Yurinsha, the private school run by Shoin's son Masusai. He returned to Edo at the age of 18 in 1835 (Tenpo 6), where he became acquainted with such masters of the Edo poetry world as Okubo Shibutsu and Kikuchi Gozan. He was particularly frequenter of Yanagawa Seigan's Tamaike Ginsha, which was the center of the Edo poetry world at the time, and made friends with Toyama Unjo, Ono Kozan, and Bass Matsuto, establishing his own reputation as a Chinese poet. Shitaya Ginsha, which opened in 1849, became the core poetry society of the Edo poetry world after Seigan closed Gyokuike Ginsha to go to Kyoto, and continued to exist even in the Meiji era. However, due to Makurayama's own way of life, in which he turned his back on the hustle and bustle of the times and continued to take the stance of a remnant of Edo, it gradually declined in popularity and was overwhelmed by Mori Shunto's Jarinsha, which had made inroads in the new Meiji system. Makurayama's poetry broadly incorporated the poetic styles of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, but he was particularly skilled in lyric poetry close to the style of Southern Song poets led by Lu You, and he excelled in verse poetry. His poetry collections include "Bozanshu" and "Makurayama Shisho," and the Shitaya Ginsha omnibus includes "Shitaya Ginsha Shi." It is said that "Tokyo Kotoba," published in 1869, was questioned by the Danjodai for its satirizing of current affairs in the new Meiji government. <References> Nagai Kafu, "Shitaya Sowa" ("Kafu Complete Works", Volume 15)

(Ibi High School)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明治24.11.1(1891)
生年：文政1.3.19(1818.4.24)
幕末維新期の漢詩人。名は厚,字は子寿,通称は捨吉,枕山は号。江戸幕府西丸附御広敷添番衆で漢詩人としても知られた大沼竹渓の子。江戸下谷の生まれ。10歳で父と死別後,尾張丹羽村の叔父鷲津松隠のもとに身を寄せ,松隠の子の益斎の家塾有隣舎で漢学を学んだ。18歳の天保6(1835)年江戸に戻り,大窪詩仏,菊池五山など江戸詩壇の大家たちの知遇を得,特に当時の江戸詩壇の中心であった梁川星巌の玉池吟社に出入りして遠山雲如,小野湖山,鱸松塘などと交遊,漢詩人としての地位を築いた。嘉永2(1849)年に開いた下谷吟社は,星巌が上洛のため玉池吟社を閉じて以後の江戸詩壇の中核的な詩社となり,明治になっても存続した。しかし時代の喧騒に背を向け江戸の遺民としての姿勢を取り続けた枕山自身の生き方もあって,次第に振るわなくなり,明治の新体制に食い込んだ森春濤の茉莉吟社に圧倒された。枕山の詩は唐,宋,元,明,清の詩風を広く取り入れたものであったが,特に陸游を中心とする南宋の詩人たちの作風に近い抒情的な詩風で,詠物詩を得意とした。詩集に『房山集』『枕山詩鈔』などがあり,下谷吟社の総集に『下谷吟社詩』がある。また明治2(1869)年刊の『東京詞』は明治新政府の時事を諷刺したため,弾正台の糺問を受けたという。<参考文献>永井荷風「下谷叢話」(『荷風全集』15巻)

(揖斐高)

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