Chief of the Dutch trading post in Nagasaki in the late Edo period. His Chinese name was Dotomi. He was born in Amsterdam. In July 1799 (Kansei 11), he was appointed secretary of the Dejima trading post in Nagasaki. When Chief of the Dejima trading post Waldenaar left his post in 1803 (Kyowa 3), his talent was recognized and he was made chief at the young age of 27. During his tenure, the Netherlands was annexed by France, and Dutch ships were threatened by British forces hostile to France. In 1811 (Bunka 8), Java was occupied by the British army, leaving the Dejima trading post completely isolated. In 1813, the British governor Raffles sent an envoy to Nagasaki to demand the handover of the Dejima trading post, but he firmly refused and defended the Dutch trading post to the death. Furthermore, prior to this, in 1804, Russian envoy Rezanov arrived in Nagasaki seeking trade, and in 1808, the disturbance of the British ship Phaeton occurred, but he assisted the Japanese diplomatic authorities and, as well as handling the appropriate handling of the British envoy's arrival in Nagasaki in 1813, contributed to easing tensions in foreign relations and avoiding external pressure on Japan at that time. In 1814, the Netherlands broke free from French rule and Java was returned, and in 1817, a Dutch ship finally arrived in Nagasaki, so he left Japan in December of the same year. During this time, he stayed in Japan for 19 years, and served as head of the factory for 14 years, making three visits to Edo. While striving to maintain friendly relations with the Japanese authorities, he completed the "Dutch-Japanese Dictionary" ("Doyaku Haruma" and "Nagasaki Haruma") in 1816 using Francois Haruma's Dutch-French Dictionary as the basis, with the cooperation of interpreters Nakayama Tokijuro and Yoshio Gonnosuke, and also played a major role in cultural exchange, such as teaching French to interpreters at the request of the shogunate. After returning to Japan, he published "Memoirs of Japan" (1833). [Eiichi Kato] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
江戸後期の長崎オランダ商館長。漢名を道冨。アムステルダム出身。1799年(寛政11)7月、出島(でじま)商館の書記として長崎に赴任、1803年(享和3)ワルデナール商館長離任のおり、その才幹を認められ27歳の若さで商館長となった。彼の在任中、本国はフランスに併合され、フランスに敵対するイギリス勢力によりオランダ船の日本渡航は脅かされ、11年(文化8)にはイギリス軍にジャワ島が占領されて出島商館はまったく孤立した。13年、英人総督ラッフルズは使船を長崎に送り、出島商館の引き渡しを迫ったが、彼はこれを断固拒絶してオランダ商館を死守した。またこれより先、1804年にはロシア使節レザノフが通商を求めて長崎に来航し、08年には英国船フェートン号狼藉(ろうぜき)事件が起こったが、彼は日本の外交当局を援助し、前記13年の英国使船長崎来航の際の適切な処理とともに、対外関係の緊張緩和と、この時期の日本に対する外圧の回避に貢献した。14年にオランダがフランスの支配を脱し、ジャワ島も返還され、17年にようやくオランダ船が長崎に来航したので、彼は同年12月、日本を去った。この間、滞日19年、商館長在任14年にわたり、3回の江戸参府を行った。日本官憲との友好的関係の維持に努めるとともに、フランソア・ハルマの蘭仏(らんふつ)辞書を底本として、通詞の中山時十郎や吉雄権之助(よしおごんのすけ)らの協力を得て、1816年『蘭日辞書』(『道訳波留馬(どうやくハルマ)』『長崎ハルマ』)を完成させ、また幕府の要望により通詞にフランス語教授を行うなど、文化交流の面でも大きな役割を果たした。帰国後『日本回想録』(1833)を刊行した。 [加藤榮一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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