Potter's clay

Japanese: 陶土 - とうど
Potter's clay
China clay : A commercial term for kaolin, obtained from kaolinized granite. Kaolin was first used by the Chinese (Chinise) to make high-quality porcelain. This remained a secret until Chinese porcelain became known in 1718. Kaolin deposits were discovered in Cornwall, England in 1746, and famous English potters Wedgwood, Spode and Minton leased land to successfully extract it. The main uses of china clay are in the manufacture of ceramics, as a filler and for surface coating of paper [Blyth & De Freitas: 1974, Gass, et al .: 1974].
Kaolin : (1) A group of clay minerals characterized by a double-layered crystal lattice in which each Si-O layer is alternately connected by a sheet of aluminum hydroxyl groups. Its approximate composition is Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O , and its structural formula is Al2 ( Si2O5 )(OH) 4 . This group includes kaolinie, nacrite, dickite, anauxite, miloschite, lembergite, etc. [Brindley: 1951]. (2) A clay formed by the alteration of granitic rocks, the name comes from Kao-ling in China, the name of a mountain near Ching-te Chen in Jiangxi Province [Brindley: 1951]. Kaolin from Gao-ling was the first to be sent to Europe. Originally, the word was used to refer to elutriated kaolin.
porcelain clay : Clay composed mainly of kaolinite, used in the manufacture of porcelain. Steinmark [Agricola: 1546].

Clay

A plastic clay that is iron-free and turns white when fired, and is used to make ceramic vessels. The term is used broadly for clays that are suitable for making pottery on the potter's wheel [Twenhofel: 1936-1937].

Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information

Japanese:
china clay: カオリンの商業用語で,カオリン化した花崗岩から得られたものである.カオリンは中国人(Chinise)によって最初に高品質の磁器として使用された.このことは1718年に中国製磁器が知られるまで秘密であった.カオリン鉱床は1746年に英国コーンウォール(Cornwall)で発見され,有名な英国の陶工であるウェッジウッド(Wedgwood),スポード(Spode)およびミントン(Minton)が土地を借りて抽出することに成功した.陶土(china clay)の主な用途は陶磁器の製造と,充填剤,紙の表面被覆に用いられる[Blyth & De Freitas : 1974, Gass, et al. : 1974].
kaolin: (1) 粘土鉱物のグループで,二層構造の結晶格子が,各Si-Oの層が交互に一つのAl水酸基のシートで繋がっている特徴がある.おおよその組成はAl2O3・2SiO2・2H2Oで,構造式はAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4である.このグループにはkaolinie, nacrite, dickite, anauxite, miloschite, lembergiteなどが含まれる[Brindley : 1951].(2) 花崗岩質岩石の変質作用で形成された粘土で,この名称は中国の高陵(Kao-ling)に由来する.中国の高陵は江西(Kiengsi)省の景徳鎮(Ching-te Chen)の近くの山の名前である[Brindley : 1951].高陵で産出したカオリンが最初にヨーロッパに送られた.元来は水簸(すいひ)カオリンに用いた語である.
porcelain clay: カオリナイトを主に構成された粘土で,磁器の製造に使用される.スタインマーク(steinmark)[Agricola : 1546].

陶土

可塑性のある粘土で,鉄分を含まず焼くと白くなるので,セラミック容器の製作に用いられる.この語は轆轤(ろくろ)(potter's wheel)を用いて陶器を作るのに適している粘土に広く用いられる[Twenhofel : 1936-1937].

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