A combat or hunting aid used to increase the thrust and range of a javelin. The javelin is placed on a barbed stick of wood or animal bone with a barb at one end, and is held near the other end with the spear. The Magdalenian people, who hunted reindeer on the tundra plains during the Upper Paleolithic in Europe, are famous for their beautiful decoration. It is a very primitive tool, and based on archaeological evidence such as its wide distribution range, it is believed to have been invented before the bow and arrow. Among peoples around the world, it has been reported by the Eskimos and Inuit, Native Americans of California, some peoples of Melanesia, and Australian Aborigines. The Eskimos and Inuit of Greenland have grooves carved into the javelin to make it easier to grasp. Bamboo javelin throwers are known from New Guinea, and are carved from the center to the end to create a barb, and have a wooden device with animal or human figures for resting the spear near the grip. A tool has been reported from the New Hebrides in which one end of a rope is tied around the finger and the other end has a loose loop that is fitted onto the handle of a spear, and this is also thought to be a type of javelin thrower. [Yuji Seki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
投げ槍(やり)の推進力と射程を増大させるために用いる戦闘・狩猟用の補助用具。一端にかえりを設けた棒状の木や獣骨の上に槍をのせ、他端近くを槍とともに握って放つ。ヨーロッパの後期旧石器時代、ツンドラの平原でトナカイ狩猟をしたマドレーヌ人の投槍器は装飾のみごとさで著名である。非常に原始的な道具であるうえ、分布範囲の広さなど考古学的証拠から、弓矢よりも早く考案されたと推定される。世界の諸民族の間では、エスキモーおよびイヌイット、カリフォルニアのネイティブ・アメリカン、メラネシアの一部の民族、オーストラリア・アボリジニーで報告されている。グリーンランドのエスキモーおよびイヌイットの投槍器は、把握を容易にするための溝が刻まれている。竹製のものはニューギニアで知られ、中央部から末端近くまで削り取ることで、かえりをつくり、握り近くに槍を休めるために動物や人間をあしらった木製の装置を備えている。縄の一端を指にくくり付け、他端につくった緩めの輪を槍の柄にはめ、放つ道具がニュー・ヘブリデス島から報告されているが、これも一種の投槍器と考えられる。 [関 雄二] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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