Tojo Gimon

A linguist and Shinshu Otani sect priest. Born on July 7, 6th year of Tenmei, as the third son of Denzui, the chief priest of Myogen-ji Temple in Obama, Wakasa Province (Obama City, Fukui Prefecture). He was adopted into Ganzo-ji Temple in Tanabe for a time, but in 1807 (Bunka 4), when his elder brother Jitsuden passed away, he became the chief priest of Myogen-ji Temple. He studied doctrine at Takakura Academy and poetry and prose under Fujii Takanao. He was particularly interested in the research on Japanese language by Motoori Norinaga and Shuntei, and made detailed arguments and worked to revise them. His work "Tomokyo" is a diagram that corrects Norinaga's "Te Ni O Wa Himokagami," which he later revised as "Wago Setsurizu" and added explanations in "Katsugo Shinan." He gave names to the six conjugated forms of words, including adjectives. In "Namashina," he also examined the distinction between the n and m sounds at the end of Chinese characters, which is shown in the writing of old place names in Japan, correcting Motoori Norinaga's view, and in "Yamaguchi no Shiori," he corrected the conventional judgment on how old words are conjugated. He died on August 15, 14th year of Tenpo.

[Tosaku Furuta October 19, 2018]

"Complete Works of the Yoshimon, Vol. 1, edited by the Dr. Yoshizawa 60th Birthday Commemoration Committee (1943, Imperial Education Association Publishing Department)" ▽ "Compilation of Research Materials on the Yoshimon, Vol. 1, 2 and 3, edited by Miki Yukinobu (1966-1968, Kazama Shobo)" ▽ "Compilation of Research Materials on the Yoshimon, Vol. 1 and 2, edited by Miki Yukinobu (1973, 1974, Bokusui Shobo)" ▽ "Compilation of Research Materials on the Yoshimon, Vol. 3, edited by Miki Yukinobu (1976, Ohfusha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国語学者、真宗大谷派の僧。天明(てんめい)6年7月7日若狭(わかさ)国小浜(おばま)（福井県小浜市）の妙玄寺の住職伝瑞(でんずい)の三男として生まれる。一時田辺の願蔵寺の養子となったが、1807年（文化4）兄実伝(じつでん)が没したので妙玄寺の住職となる。教学を高倉学寮に学び、歌文を藤井高尚(ふじいたかなお)に学んだ。とくに本居宣長(もとおりのりなが)・春庭(はるにわ)の国語の研究に関心をもち、精細な論証を行い、その補訂に努めた。その著『友鏡』は宣長の『てにをは紐鏡(ひもかがみ)』を補正した図表で、のち改めて『和語説略図』とし、『活語指南』で説明を加えた。形容詞も含め、用言の六活用形に名称を与えている。また『男信(なましな)』では、漢字音の韻尾にn音とm音の区別があり、それが日本の古い地名表記などに示されていることを考証して宣長の見解を訂正し、『山口栞(やまぐちのしおり)』では古語の活用の仕方の従来の判断を正した。天保(てんぽう)14年8月15日没。

［古田東朔　2018年10月19日］

『吉沢博士還暦記念会編『義門全集　上』（1943・帝国教育会出版部）』▽『三木幸信編『義門研究資料集成』上中下（1966～1968・風間書房）』▽『三木幸信編『義門研究資料集成　別巻1、2』（1973、1974・墨水書房）』▽『三木幸信編『義門研究資料集成　別巻3』（1976・桜楓社）』

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