Prefecture - Agata

Japanese: 県 - あがた

〘Noun〙① A local administrative unit in the pre-Taika period. It was established in the Kinai region, western Japan, and the Yamato government's land prior to the national system of kuni no miyatsuko (provincial governors) . It later became a subordinate organization of the country. Its head was called agatanushi or inagi . The six prefectures of Wa were famous, and tributes of firewood, charcoal, sake, ice, and vegetables were made. ※The Chronicles (720), August, 7th year of Sujin (Kitano Honkun ) " In other words, in the village of Mika in Akata, Chinu Prefecture , they received large amounts of rice fields and offered them as tribute. "② A region. A countryside. A country. ※Manyoshu (late 8th century) 7.1287 “Even if no one meets me in the green Yosami plain , I will tell the story of Agata, the rock-cutting Agata region .” ③ The province of the kokushi . The province to which the kokushi is assigned. Also, the kokushi himself. ※Tales of Ise (early 10th century) 4.4 “To those who go to Agata, I will send the flowers of the province.” ※Hyakuryo Kunyosho (around 1368-88) “The governors of various provinces are called either Gekun or Agata.” [Eloquence] (1) In China, “ken” is a lower-level local administrative unit below Shu (gun), but in Japan, it has both Agata and Kohori readings, and it is difficult to determine how Ken was read in each place in the literature.
(2) The general theory is that the Agata were headed by a county governor (Agatanushi) and were direct territories of the Yamato government that had been in place since ancient times. There are two theories about this: one is that they became lower-level local administrative units under the Kuni-ken system after the Kuni- no- Mikoto system was established in the 5th and 6th centuries (there is also a theory that such prefectures were headed by Inagi, were read as Kohori, and developed into the later Hyo and Gun). The other is that the Agata are merely a relict system that has survived to some extent.

Ken [Prefecture]

〘noun〙① One of the administrative divisions in China. Under the county and prefecture system established by Qin Shi Huang, they belonged to counties, but later on they became affiliated with prefectures, prefectures, provinces, provinces, and provinces depending on the era. Currently they belong to provinces or cities. *Hamamatsu Chunagon (mid-11th century) 1 "In the past, the Hakukan lived in a place like this" [Kouin]② A local administrative body established in the Constitutional Law of 1868 ( Keio 4 ). Along with the prefectures, they were placed under the direct control of the new government over the feudal domains, and prefectural governors and prefectural judges were appointed as local officials. ③ An ordinary local public entity that includes cities, towns, and villages. In 1871 ( Meiji 4 ), the feudal domains were abolished and became prefectures. They had an assembly as their deliberative body, and governors, boards of education, and public safety commissions as their executive bodies, and had the power to enact ordinances and regulations, the power to levy local taxes, and other administrative powers. ※The Imperial Rescript on the Abolition of the Domains and Establishment of Prefectures, July 14, 1871 ( Meiji 4 ) "Therefore, we will now abolish the domains and establish prefectures."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 大化前代の地方行政単位。国造(くにのみやつこ)の国制に先行して、畿内や西日本、大和政権の料地に施行された。後には国の下級組織となる。その首長は県主(あがたぬし)または稲置(いなぎ)と称された。倭の六御県が有名で、薪炭、酒、氷、蔬菜の貢上がおこなわれた。※書紀（720）崇神七年八月（北野本訓）「即(すなは)ち茅渟(ちぬ)の県(アカタ)の陶(みか)の邑(さと)にして大田田根子(をほたたねこ)を得て貢(たてまつ)る」② 地方。田舎。国。※万葉（８Ｃ後）七・一二八七「青みづら依網(よさみ)の原に人も逢はぬかも石ばしる淡海(あふみ)県(あがた)の物語せむ」③ 国司の任国。赴任先の国。また国司その人。※伊勢物語（１０Ｃ前）四四「あがたへゆく人に、むまのはなむけせむとて」※百寮訓要抄（1368‐88頃）「諸国の司をば、外官(げくゎん)とも、あがたとも申也」[語誌](1)「県」は中国では州（郡）の下の下級地方行政単位であるが、日本ではアガタ・コホリの両訓があり、文献中の県がそれぞれの箇処でどう訓まれていたかを確定することは難しい。
(2)アガタは県主(アガタヌシ)を管掌者とし、古い時期から置かれていた大和政権の直轄領とするのが通説で、五・六世紀に国造制が成立して以降は国県制として下級地方行政単位となるとする説（こういう県は稲置(イナギ)を管掌者とし、コホリと訓まれ、後の評・郡に発展するとする説もある）と、アガタは一部に遺制として残存しただけとする説とがある。

けん【県】

〘名〙① 中国の行政区画の一つ。秦の始皇帝が確立した郡県制のもとでは郡に所属したが、その後時代によって州・府・道・省などに所属した。現在は省または市に所属。※浜松中納言（１１Ｃ中）一「いにしへ、かうやうけんに住みけるはくかんこそは」〔広韻〕② 慶応四年（一八六八）政体書に定められた地方行政機関。府と並び藩に対する新政府の直轄地に置かれ、地方官として知県事、判県事が置かれた。③ 市町村を包括する普通地方公共団体。明治四年（一八七一）、藩を廃して県とした。議事機関として議会、執行機関として知事、教育委員会、公安委員会などをおき、条令、規則の制定権、地方税の課税権その他の行政権を有する。※廃藩置県の詔‐明治四年（1871）七月一四日「仍(よっ)て今更に藩を廃し県と為す」

出典　精選版日本国語大辞典精選版日本国語大辞典について　情報

<<: Agata Inukai Clan - Agata Inukai Clan

>>: Agatha (English spelling)