…It is well known that É. Boileau, who was appointed to this position during the reign of Louis IX (1226-70), wrote the Book of the Guilds by royal command, which compiled a list of the practices of the Parisian guilds. The craftsmen and merchants who were citizens of Paris depended on the guilds of their respective trades, and with this power as a backdrop, the representative of the merchants became the Prévôt des Marchands. Although this was under the control of the Magistrate of Paris, it held commercial jurisdiction and had the autonomy to regulate commercial transactions. … From Marcel…He became acquainted with the Flemish reformers through business. He gained the trust of the citizens and became the head of the merchants (mayor of Paris) in 1355. In the same year, he played an active role in the provincial councils of northern France. After the defeat at Poitiers, he rebelled against the royal government in April 1357 (Etienne Marcel Rebellion) to demand administrative reform and a stronger parliament, but was betrayed by his own blood relatives and assassinated at the Porte Saint-Antoine on July 31, 1358. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "prévôt des marchands" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ルイ9世(在位1226‐70)治下にこの職に任命されたÉ.ボアローが,王命によって《同職組合の書》を著し,パリの同職ギルドの慣習の一覧を作成したことはよく知られている。パリの市民である手工業者や商人はそれぞれの業種の同職組合に依存して活動したが,こうした勢力を背景に,商人の代表がプレボ・デ・マルシャンprévôt des marchandsとなった。これはパリ奉行の支配下にありながら,商事裁判権を握り,商取引を規制するなどの自治権をもっていた。… 【マルセル】より…取引を通じてフランドルの改革者と知り合う。市民の信頼を集め1355年,商人頭(パリ市長)prévôt des marchandsとなり,同年北フランスの地方会議で活躍。ポアティエ敗戦後,行政改革と議会の強化を求め57年4月王政府に反抗(エティエンヌ・マルセルの乱)したが,血族の裏切りにあい58年7月31日,サン・タントアーヌ門で暗殺された。… ※「prévôt des marchands」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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