Personal right of exclusive ownership

In particular, it refers to rights that have no meaning unless they are attributable to the person himself, or rights that can only be exercised by that person. The former are called personal exclusive rights of attribution, and the latter are called personal exclusive rights of exercise. Such rights are not inherited by the heirs when the person who held the rights dies (Civil Code Article 896, proviso), and cannot be exercised in their place (Civil Code Article 423, Paragraph 1, proviso). Examples of personal exclusive rights are often rights under personal status law, such as parental rights, the right to claim support, and the right to cancel a marriage contract. Furthermore, among property rights, for example, agency rights based on trust, labor obligations based on an employment contract, and administrative processing based on an agency contract are considered to be personal rights and obligations.

[Yasuyuki Takahashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

とくにその人自身に帰属させなければ意味のない権利、あるいはその人自身でなければ行使できないような権利をいう。前者は帰属上の一身専属権、後者は行使上の一身専属権とよばれる。このような権利は、その権利をもっていた人が死亡した場合にその相続人に承継されない（民法896条但書）し、かわって行使することができない（同法423条1項但書）。一身専属権の例としてあげられるのは、親権や扶養請求権、夫婦間の契約取消権など身分法上の権利が多い。また、財産上の権利のなかでも、たとえば、信用を基礎とする代理権や、雇用契約に基づく労働義務、委任契約に基づく事務処理などは、一身専属の権利・義務とされる。

［高橋康之］

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