Toin Kinkata

Japanese: 洞院公賢 - とういん・きんかた

Year of death: Enbun 5/Shohei 15.4.6 (1360.4.21)
Year of birth: 1291
A nobleman during the Kamakura and Nanboku-cho periods. His posthumous name was Kugen, and he was called Nakazono Nyudo Sokuni. His father was Toin Saneyasu, and his mother was Ogura Kimio's daughter, Toshiko. Ano Reiko was his adopted daughter. He was conferred a peerage in 1292, and in 1308 he was promoted to Junior Third Rank, and in 1308 he became Left Daiben and Councillor, and after serving as Gon Chunagon, Gon Dainagon, and Dainagon, he became Naidaijin in 1330, and in 1335 he became Juichii and Udaijin, and also served as tutor to the Crown Prince (Prince Tsunenaga). During the Northern Court period, he was promoted to Left Minister in 1343 and Grand Minister in 1346, and served as Councillor of Councillors and Insho during the cloistered government of Emperor Kogon. At the time of the Shohei Unification by the Southern Court in 1351, he was appointed Minister of the Left and Goin Betto (Second Chief Administrator) and was asked by Emperor Gomurakami to manage the Imperial Council, and two years later he was appointed Grand Minister of State by the Southern Court. Kinkata was a leading figure in the Northern Court, and was trusted by the Southern Court for his insight. In 1359, he became a monk. His diary, "Sono Taireki" (1343-60), is an important historical document from the Northern and Southern Courts period. Kinkata gave clear and precise answers to questions about precedents and customs from the Emperor, retired emperors, the shogunate, and court nobles, and this diary was later considered a powerful source of information on ceremonies and court customs. His books include "Rekidai Saiyo Sho" and "Kodai Reki," and his poetry collection "Nakazono Sokokushu." <References> Hayashiya Tatsusaburo, "Nobles in the Civil War"

(Masako Ito)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：延文5/正平15.4.6(1360.4.21)
生年：正応4(1291)
鎌倉・南北朝時代の公卿。法名は空元で,中園入道相国と号す。父は洞院実泰,母は小倉公雄の娘季子。阿野廉子は養女に当たる。正応5(1292)年に叙爵,延慶1(1308)年従三位,同2年左大弁,参議となり,権中納言,権大納言,大納言を経て,元徳2(1330)年に内大臣,建武2(1335)年には従一位,右大臣となり,春宮(恒良親王)傅を兼ねる。北朝の康永2/興国4(1343)年左大臣,貞和2/正平1(1346)年太政大臣に進み,光厳上皇の院政では評定衆,院執事を務めた。観応2/正平6(1351)年の南朝による正平一統のときには,左大臣,後院別当に任ぜられて後村上天皇より朝議運営を頼まれ,翌々年には南朝より太政大臣に任ぜられている。公賢は北朝の朝廷の重鎮であり,その識見により南朝方からも信頼されていた。延文4/正平14(1359)年に出家。日記『園太暦』(1343～60)は南北朝時代の重要史料である。公賢は天皇,上皇,幕府,公家からの先例,故実についての質問に対し明快的確に答えており,この日記は後代に儀式,有職故実の有力な典拠とされた。著書には『歴代最要抄』『皇代暦』などがあり,歌集に『中園相国集』がある。<参考文献>林屋辰三郎『内乱のなかの貴族』

(伊東正子)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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