Legal representative - legal representative

Japanese: 法定代理人 - ほうていだいりにん
Legal representative - legal representative

A legal representative is an agent who has been granted the power of attorney based on the provisions of law. In contrast, an agent who has been granted the power of attorney by the principal (the principal's will), such as in a sales contract or delegation of litigation, is called an optional agent. The Civil Code provides for legal representatives as parents (Article 818 and following), guardians of minors (Article 839 and following), administrators of absentee property (Article 25 and following), and administrators of inherited property (Articles 918 and 952 and following). Litigation actions such as filing a lawsuit and asserting claims in litigation are provided for in Articles 31 and following of the Civil Procedure Code and Article 28 of the Criminal Procedure Code. In civil litigation, minors and adult wards cannot, in principle, perform litigation actions without a legal representative (Article 31 of the Civil Procedure Code). In contrast, in personal litigation regarding status actions such as divorce, a legal representative performs litigation actions only when the minor lacks mental capacity, that is, when he or she does not have the ability to understand the meaning of the actions. In criminal proceedings, a legal representative will only represent a person during investigation or trial if the person lacks mental capacity.

[Takayoshi Ito]

[Reference items] | Parental authority | Adult ward | Minor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

法律の規定に基づいて代理権が与えられた代理人をいう。これに対して、売買契約や訴訟の委任など、本人からの授権(本人の意思)によって代理権が与えられた代理人は任意代理人という。法定代理人は、親権者(民法818条以下)、未成年後見人(同法839条以下)、不在者の財産管理人(同法25条以下)、相続財産管理人(同法918条・952条以下)などが民法で規定されている。訴えの提起や、訴訟での主張などの訴訟上の行為(訴訟行為)については、民事訴訟法第31条以下、刑事訴訟法第28条に規定されている。民事訴訟では、未成年者および成年被後見人は、原則として、法定代理人によらなければ訴訟行為をすることができない(民事訴訟法31条)。これに対して、離婚などの身分上の行為に関する人事訴訟では、未成年者は、意思能力を欠くとき、すなわち、その意味を理解する能力がない場合にのみ、法定代理人が訴訟行為を行う。刑事手続でも、捜査や公判のときに、意思能力がないときのみ、法定代理人が代理人となる。

[伊藤高義]

[参照項目] | 親権 | 成年被後見人 | 未成年者

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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