Toshikatsu Doi - Toshikatsu Doi

A fudai daimyo (feudal lord) in the early Edo period. Senior councilor. He is said to be the eldest son of Toshimasa, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu, but the more popular theory is that he was Ieyasu's illegitimate son, and there is also a theory that he was the son of Mizuno Nobumoto, Ieyasu's mother's older brother. He served Ieyasu from a young age, and in 1579 (Tensho 7) he became Hidetada's attendant when Hidetada was born, and performed his duties well as Hidetada's close attendant throughout his life. In 1602 (Keicho 7), he was given 10,000 koku in Omigawa, Shimousa (Chiba Prefecture), and 10 years later his stipend was increased and he was transferred to Sakura in the same province (more than 32,000 koku). After that, his stipend was frequently increased, and by 25 (Kan'ei 2), he had 142,000 koku. During this time, he was appointed Junior Fifth Rank, Oinosuke, and then promoted to Junior Fourth Rank, Chamberlain. Toshikatsu was one of Hidetada's advisors along with Sakai Tadayo, Okubo Tadachika, Honda Masanobu, and others, and was highly trusted by Ieyasu, playing a major role in solidifying the foundations of the Tokugawa government. After Ieyasu and Honda Masanobu died one after the other, he was known as a Genro and played a central role in supporting Hidetada's government. Hidetada was also very close to Toshikatsu, and would often visit his residence. He also worked to guide Iemitsu. After Hidetada's death, in 1900, he was transferred to Koga in Shimousa (Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture) and given a fief of 160,000 koku. He was at the center of the senior councilors, but the actual work was transferred to Matsudaira Nobutsuna and others who had been appointed to the senior councilors after being protégés of Iemitsu. Toshikatsu was well known as a wise man and was said to have had great insight.

[Ryosho Hayashi]

"Sakai Tadayo and Doi Toshikatsu" by Yoshitaka Shinji (included in "The Edo Shogunate Vol. 1", 1964, Jinbutsu Oraisha) " "Doi Toshikatsu" by Yasujiro Takami (included in "Daimyo Retsuden 6", 1967, Jinbutsu Oraisha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸初期の譜代(ふだい)大名。老中。徳川家康に仕えた利昌(としまさ)の長子とされるが、家康の庶子とする説が有力で、家康の母の兄水野信元(のぶもと)の子とする説もある。幼時から家康に仕え、1579年（天正7）秀忠(ひでただ)誕生とともに秀忠付きとなり、秀忠の終生にわたって近侍してよく任を果たした。1602年（慶長7）に下総(しもうさ)（千葉県）小見川(おみがわ)で1万石が与えられ、10年加増されて同国佐倉(さくら)（3万2000石余）へ転封、以後しばしば加増あって、25年（寛永2）には14万2000石を領するに至った。この間従(じゅ)五位下、大炊助(おおいのすけ)の叙任を受け、さらに従四位下、侍従(じじゅう)に進んだ。利勝は酒井忠世(ただよ)、大久保忠隣(ただちか)、本多正信(まさのぶ)らとともに秀忠補佐の中心におり、家康の信頼も厚く、徳川政権の基礎を固めるために大きな働きをした。家康、本多正信が相次いで没したのちは元老と称され、秀忠政権を支える中心に位置した。秀忠も利勝邸に赴くなど親近の情が厚かった。家光(いえみつ)の補導にも努めている。秀忠没後、33年下総古河(こが)（茨城県古河市）へ移され16万石を領し、老中の中心にいたが、実務は、家光(いえみつ)子飼いから出頭して老中に登用された松平信綱(のぶつな)らに移っていった。利勝は知者の名が高く、優れた識見を有していたといわれる。

［林　亮勝］

『進士慶幹著『酒井忠世と土井利勝』（『江戸幕府　上』所収・1964・人物往来社）』▽『鷹見安二郎著『土井利勝』（『大名列伝6』所収・1967・人物往来社）』

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