kala

Japanese: kala
kala

…Although the Uji is clearly a state system, it is believed that it was originally formed on the basis of an autonomous blood-related group equivalent to a clan. There is a theory that the Japanese Uji is of Tungusic or Mongolian origin, but the kara found in Japanese words such as Ukara, Yakara, Harakara, and Tomogara is thought to be of the same origin as the xala or kala, which represent the patrilineal clan of many Tungusic peoples today, including Manchu, and the word Kabane, like the bone rank system of Silla, is ideologically related to the Altaic-speaking peoples who represent clans with the word for bone. The Uji system of the ruling class centered on the Yamato Imperial Court may possibly have a historical connection with the patrilineal clans of the Altaic-speaking peoples of the Asian continent. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "kala" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…〈うじ〉は明らかに国家の制度であるが,もともとは氏族にあたる自治的な血縁集団を基礎に形成されたものと考えられている。日本語の〈うじ〉をツングース語あるいはモンゴル語系統のものとする説もあるが,別に日本語の〈うから〉〈やから〉〈はらから〉〈ともがら〉などに見る〈から〉は,満州語をはじめ,こんにち多くのツングース諸族の父系氏族をあらわすハラxalaあるいはカラkalaと同系と思われ,〈かばね〉の語も,新羅の骨品制などと同じく,骨の語をもって氏族をあらわすアルタイ語系諸族と思想的に相つらなるものがある。大和朝廷を中心とする支配階級の〈うじ〉の制度は,おそらくアジア大陸のアルタイ語系諸族の父系氏族と歴史的な連関をもつものかもしれない。…

※「kala」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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