British international affairs expert and Soviet expert. Born in Krzanow, near Oświęcim (Auschwitz), Poland, he was Jewish. In 1927 he joined the Polish Communist Party and became editor-in-chief of its journal. In 1932 he was expelled from the party for exaggerating the threat of the Nazis, but the real reason was his involvement in the anti-Stalin movement. In 1939 he moved to London, where he eventually became an international affairs journalist with a deep knowledge of the Soviet Union, working for The Economist and The Observer. After the Second World War, he established his reputation with works such as "Stalin: A Political Biography" (1949, expanded edition 1967, Japanese translation 1963, new edition 1984, Misuzu Shobo), and the trilogy of his biography of Trotsky -- "The Armed Prophet" (1954), "The Prophet Without Arms" (1959), and "The Exiled Prophet" (1963, Japanese translation in three parts, 1964, Shinchosha, new edition 1992, Shinhyoron). His biography of Trotsky is trusted as the only biography to have been given special permission to use unpublished materials in the Trotsky Library. In addition to the above, his Japanese translations include "Fifty Years of the Russian Revolution" and "The Non-Jewish Jew" (both published by Iwanami Shinsho). [Ueno Itaru] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの国際問題専門家、ソ連研究家。ポーランドのオシフィエンチム(アウシュウィッツ)に近いクルザノフ生まれのユダヤ人。1927年ポーランド共産党に入党、機関誌の編集長となった。1932年にナチスの脅威を誇大に宣伝したとして党を除名されたが、その真の理由は反スターリン運動を行ったためであった。1939年ロンドンに移り、やがて『エコノミスト』誌、『オブザーバー』紙などでソ連通の国際問題専門ジャーナリストとして活躍。第二次世界大戦後は『スターリン 政治的伝記』(1949、増訂版1967/邦訳1963、新版1984・みすず書房)、トロツキー伝三部作――『武装せる予言者』(1954)、『武力なき予言者』(1959)、『追放された予言者』(1963/邦訳全3部・1964・新潮社、新版1992・新評論)などで名声を確立した。トロツキー伝はトロツキー文庫中の非公開資料を特別に許されて利用した唯一の伝記として信頼されている。邦訳には前述のほか『ロシア革命五十年』『非ユダヤ的ユダヤ人』(いずれも岩波新書)などがある。 [上野 格] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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