A general term for gymnastics, equipment gymnastics, and unaided gymnastics developed in Germany, and is counted among the world's three major gymnastics styles along with Swedish and Danish gymnastics. German gymnastics was started by Basedow, who is revered as its founder. Its characteristics are: (1) it respects naturalness and emphasizes a whole-body, comprehensive training style; (2) it aims to improve overall athletic ability by making full use of equipment such as the horizontal bar, parallel bars, pommel horse, and hanging rings; (3) it emphasizes rhythm in unaided gymnastics, and vibration-type exercises are the main focus; (4) it aims to strengthen the whole-body muscles through rhythmic exercises by putting strain on the muscles by holding resistance such as heavy balls or logs; and (5) it emphasizes the principle of tension and relaxation, as alternating between tension and relaxation in training the muscles is the best way to develop the muscles themselves and improve their performance. [Tadao Kamisako] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツで発達した器械体操、手具体操、徒手体操の総称で、スウェーデン体操、デンマーク体操とともに世界三大体操の一つに数えられている。ドイツ体操は、その始祖と仰がれているバゼドウによって始められた。その特徴は、(1)自然性を尊重し、全身的、総合的な修練形式を重視していること、(2)鉄棒、平行棒、あん馬、つり輪などの器械器具を多角的に利用して、総合的運動能力の増強をねらっていること、(3)徒手体操においてはリズムを重視し、振動形式の運動が主軸をなしていること、(4)重いボール・丸太など抵抗物を持たせて筋肉に負担を与え、しかもリズミカルな運動により全身的筋力強化を目ざしていること、(5)筋肉を修練するにあたって緊張と弛緩(しかん)を交互に練習することは、その筋肉自体を発達させ、かつその性能を高める最良の方法であるとして、緊張・弛緩の原理を重視していること、などである。 [上迫忠夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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