Presynaptic inhibition

Japanese: presynaptic inhibition(英語表記)presynapticinhibition
Presynaptic inhibition

…The former is because the directions of the ionic currents flowing due to synaptic activity are equal, so the sum of these currents results in a large change in membrane potential, while the latter is because the directions of the currents flowing due to synaptic activity are opposite to each other, so they cancel each other out and the change in membrane potential decreases. Presynaptic interactions include presynaptic inhibition, which inhibits synaptic transmission by reducing the amount of transmitter released by excitatory synapses, and presynaptic facilitation, which increases the release of transmitters from excitatory synapses. An example of the latter is heterosynaptic facilitation, which was found in the ganglion of sea slugs. These actions are thought to be achieved by the formation of another synapse at the end of the presynaptic fiber (synapse on synapse). …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "presynaptic inhibition" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…前者は,シナプス活動によって流れるイオン電流の方向が等しいので,これらが加算された電流が流れる結果,大きな膜電位変化が起こるためであり,後者は,シナプス活動によって流れる電流の方向が相互に逆向きであるので相殺し合って,膜電位変化が減少することによるものである。 シナプス前で起こる相互作用には,シナプス前抑制presynaptic inhibitionとよばれる,興奮性シナプスが放出する伝達物質の量を減少させることによってシナプス伝達を抑制する現象と,シナプス前促通presynaptic facilitationとよばれ,興奮性シナプスが伝達物質を放出するのを増加させる現象があり,後者の例としては,ウミウシの神経節で見いだされた異シナプス性促通heterosynaptic facilitationが挙げられる。これらの作用は,シナプス前繊維末端に別のシナプスが形成される(synapse on synapse)ことで行われると考えられている。…

※「presynaptic inhibition」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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