Chinese laurel - Chinese laurel

Japanese: テンナンショウ - てんなんしょう
Chinese laurel - Chinese laurel

A general term for the genus Arisaema in the Araceae family (APG classification: Araceae). A perennial herb that usually grows in moist underwoods, but rarely in grasslands and rocky areas. The stem shortens to a corm or rhizome, and each node usually has one axillary bud, but rarely produces accessory buds. There are one or two ordinary leaves (commonly called leaves) and several sheath-like leaves. Ordinary leaves have long petioles, three-lobed, or goosefoot-like or radially lobed with reticulate veins. The lower part of the petiole is usually cylindrical and surrounds the stalk of the inflorescence, and is called a pseudostem because it looks like a stem. The lower part of the spathe is rolled up into a tube and surrounds the spadix, and the upper part is leaf-like and called the side part, and usually bends forward. The inflorescences are unisexual or hermaphroditic, and grow one a year at the terminal end of the flower stalk. The flowers are unisexual and lack tepals; the female flowers are unisexual, with a single-lobed ovary, and the male flowers are fused stamens; they grow densely at the lower part of the inflorescence axis. In hermaphroditic inflorescences, the female flowers are in a group at the lower part, and the male flowers are in a group above them. The upper part of the inflorescence axis is exposed and forms a part called the appendage. The appendages are rod-shaped, or elongate and thread-like at the end, and rarely split into hair-like divisions. When the base narrows abruptly, this part is called the appendage stalk. Some species produce protruding, degenerate flowers on the appendages. The fruit is a berry that ripens red.

Plants in this genus are known to change the sex of their inflorescences depending on their nutritional state; as the plant grows, it generally produces male inflorescences first, and then, as the plant matures, it usually produces female inflorescences, or bisexual inflorescences depending on the species. The inflorescences have a foul odor, and are pollinated by small flies. There are about 150 species in the world, many of which are distributed in the warm to temperate zones from East Asia to the Himalayas. There are about 50 species in Japan, including Urashimasou, Mamushigusa, Musashiabumi, Yukimochisou, and Broad-leaved Tennansho.

[Hitoshi Murata January 21, 2022]

[Reference] | Spaghetti Bag

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

サトイモ科(APG分類:サトイモ科)テンナンショウ属の総称。多年生の草本で、普通は湿潤な森下に生え、まれに草原や岩地にも生育する。茎は短縮して球茎または根茎となり、各節には通常腋芽(えきが)が1個あるが、まれに副芽を生じる。1、2枚の普通葉(一般に葉とよばれる)と数枚の鞘状(しょうじょう)葉がある。普通葉は長い葉柄があり、3裂、または鳥足状か放射状に分裂して網状脈がある。通常は葉柄の下部は円筒状となって花序の柄を囲み、茎のようにみえるので偽茎とよばれる。仏炎包(ぶつえんほう)は下部は筒状に巻いて肉穂花序を囲み、上部は葉状で舷部(げんぶ)とよばれ、通常は前に曲がる。花序は単性または雌雄性で、1年に1個、花茎に頂生する。花は花被片(かひへん)がなく単性で、雌花は1室の子房、雄花は合着した雄しべからなり、花序軸の下部に密生する。雌雄性の花序では、下部に雌花群があり、その上に雄花群がある。花序軸の上部は裸出して、付属体とよばれる部分となる。付属体は棒状、または先が細長く伸長して糸状となり、まれに毛髪状に分裂する。基部が急に狭まる場合には、この部分を付属体の柄とよぶ。付属体上に突起状の退化花を生じる種もある。果実は液果で赤く熟す。

 本属の植物は栄養状態により花序の性が転換することが知られており、株の成長に伴い、一般にまず雄性の花序をつけ、そののちに、株が成熟すると通常は雌、または種類によって雌雄性の花序をつけるようになる。花序には悪臭があり、送粉は小形のハエなどによって行われる。世界に約150種あり、そのうちの多くは東アジアからヒマラヤの暖帯から温帯に分布する。日本にはウラシマソウ、マムシグサ、ムサシアブミ、ユキモチソウ、ヒロハテンナンショウなど約50種分布する。

[邑田 仁 2022年1月21日]

[参照項目] | 仏炎包

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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