In Europe, since before ancient Greece and Rome, the staple foods were bread, barley, and wheat porridge, so flour milling technology and organization played an important role in daily life. The Old Testament's Deuteronomy already states, "You must not take the millstone or the upper stone as pawn, for you would be taking that which sustains life in pawn" (24:6). Waterwheel technology is said to have been known since ancient times, but it did not become widespread until the Middle Ages. In the ancient world, where slave labor was abundant, there was no need to conserve labor; rather, there was a need to provide work for the hungry masses, so there was no social demand for the practical use of the invention of the waterwheel. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ヨーロッパにおいては,古代ギリシア,ローマ時代以前から,主食はパンと大麦,小麦の粥などであったから,製粉の技術と組織は日常生活のなかで大きな位置を占めていた。すでに旧約聖書の《申命記》には〈ひきうす,またはその上石を質にとってはならない。これは命をつなぐものを質にとることだからである〉(24:6)とある。水車の技術はすでに古代から知られていたといわれるが,それが普及したのは中世に入ってからである。奴隷労働力が豊かにあった古代世界では人力を節約する必要はなく,むしろ飢えた大衆に仕事を与えなければならなかったから,水車の発明も実用化の社会的需要をもっていなかったのである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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