A summer-green aquatic fern of the Marbidaceae family. The rhizomes creep long through the mud. The leaves have fan-shaped leaflets arranged in a four-leaf clover pattern, resembling a four-leaf clover. They produce subaqueous sporangiocarps in which megaspores and microspores are formed. They were once widely distributed in paddy fields and swamps from Hokkaido to Okinawa, but they have now been considered a harmful weed in rice cultivation and have drastically decreased in number. They are found in the warm temperate zones of Asia and Europe, but some species have been naturalized from Europe and are distributed in North America. In China, they are considered medicinal herbs that clear heat and remove toxins, and are also effective against poisonous snake bites. In addition, Australian aborigines used to eat powdered carpophores of this type. In some countries, they are used as livestock feed. [Kurita Koro] ©Junzo Fujishima "> Main types of ferns (4) [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
デンジソウ科の夏緑性水生シダ。根茎は泥中を長くはう。葉は、扇形の小葉が四枚田の字形につき、四つ葉のクローバーに似る。水中に胞子嚢(のう)果をつくり、大胞子と小胞子が形成される。かつては北海道から沖縄県まで各地の水田や沼に広く分布していたが、稲作の有害雑草とみなされて現在は激減した。アジアやヨーロッパの暖温帯にみられるが、北アメリカにもヨーロッパから帰化したものが分布している。中国では、毒蛇の咬傷(こうしょう)にも効く清熱解毒作用の薬草とされる。また、オーストラリア先住民は、以前はこの類の嚢果を粉状にして食べていた。国によっては家畜の飼料とされる。 [栗田子郎] ©藤島淳三"> シダ植物のおもな種類(4)〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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