A car that runs on an electric motor powered by electricity charged from an external power source to an on-board battery. It is often abbreviated as EV. Since it does not use fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel, it is hoped that it will become widespread as a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) that does not emit substances such as carbon dioxide ( CO2 ), which is believed to be the main cause of global warming, nitrogen oxides ( NOx ), hydrocarbons (HC), and diesel exhaust particulates (DEP), which are harmful to the human body.It is also expected to be a car that does not rely on petroleum resources, the exhaustion of which is a concern. Sales of electric vehicles have already begun, but currently the challenges are to increase the distance that they can be driven continuously on a single charge and to expand the charging infrastructure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance batteries that can extend the continuous driving time on a single charge, but at the same time, there is also the idea of using electric vehicles only for short-distance travel in urban areas because of their advantage of not emitting exhaust gases. In terms of infrastructure development, there are also plans to link electric vehicles to solar power generation equipment installed in parking lots. Electric vehicles have significantly fewer parts than conventional vehicles that use fossil fuels, and all three key components, including the battery, motor, and inverter (control system), can be procured from outside specialist companies. In addition, their simple structure allows for low-cost production, providing an opportunity for new entrants to the industry in newly industrialized countries with immature industrial technology and no experience in automobile production. In addition, new entrants from venture companies have also begun to enter the market, and the spread of electric vehicles is expected to bring about changes in the automobile industry itself. Historically, electric vehicles have been in practical use since before the invention of gasoline-powered cars in the late 19th century. Even after gasoline-powered cars began to spread, they were used as a means of transportation in urban areas because they were quieter and easier to handle. However, their use fell into decline due to the rise of gasoline-powered cars. [Kazuhiko Ito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
外部電源から車載のバッテリーに充電した電気を用い、電動モーターを動力源として走行する自動車。英語の頭文字を用いてEVと表記されることが多い。 ガソリンや軽油などの化石燃料を使わないことから、地球温暖化の元凶とされる二酸化炭素(CO2)や、人体に有害な窒素酸化物(NOx)、炭化水素(HC)、ディーゼル排気微粒子(DEP)などの物質を排出しない自動車(ZEV(ゼブ):Zero Emission Vehicle。ゼロ・エミッション車ともいう)として普及が望まれている。また、枯渇が心配されている石油資源に頼らない自動車としても期待されている。 電気自動車の販売はすでに始まっているが、現在のところ、一回の充電で連続走行が可能な距離を伸ばすことと、充電インフラ整備の拡充が課題となっている。 そこで一回の充電での連続走行を伸ばす高性能バッテリーの開発が急がれているが、一方で、排ガスが出ないという利点から、都市部での短距離移動に電気自動車を限定的に用いるという考え方もある。インフラ整備の面では、駐車場に設置した太陽光発電装置との連携も始められている。 電気自動車は化石燃料を使う従来の自動車に比べて部品点数が大幅に少なく、バッテリー、モーター、インバーター(制御系)など、3種の重要構成部品はすべて外部の専門会社から調達が可能である。また、構造が簡単であることから低いコストでの生産が可能であり、工業技術が未熟で、自動車生産の経験がない新興工業国にも新規参入の機会がある。また、ベンチャー企業からの新規参入も始まっているなど、電気自動車の普及によって自動車産業自体にも変化が訪れることが予想されている。 歴史的には、電気自動車は19世紀後半にガソリン車が発明される以前から実用化されており、ガソリン車の普及が始まってからも、騒音が少なく取扱いが楽であることから市街地の移動手段として使われていたが、ガソリン車の台頭等により衰退したという経緯がある。 [伊東和彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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