A device that adjusts the voltage to a specified value in a power system or a specific electric circuit. Since power systems span a wide area, voltage adjustment is quite complicated. In systems of 22 kilovolts or more, the voltage is adjusted to a specified value by raising and lowering the generator terminal voltage, introducing phase modifying equipment such as shunt reactors and power capacitors, and changing the tap of the transformer in the upper system. The secondary voltage of the distribution substation that directly supplies power to consumers is adjusted more finely using a voltage regulator, for example, to 3450 volts at heavy loads and 3150 volts at light loads, so that the voltage at the consumer's entrance is always within a certain range. Examples of voltage adjustment devices include induction voltage regulators and on-load voltage regulators, but the most commonly used is an efficient and economical on-load tap changer transformer (which allows tap changing while transmitting power to the load). In low-power AC circuits, there are continuous control methods using magnetic amplifiers and thyristors, and discontinuous control methods using an on-off method. [Naoyuki Uchida] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電力系統や特定の電気回路において、電圧を所定の値に調整する装置をいう。電力系統は広範な地域にまたがっているので、その電圧調整はかなり複雑となる。22キロボルト以上の系統では、発電機端子電圧の上げ下げ、分路リアクトルや電力用コンデンサーなどの調相設備の投入、上位系統における変圧器のタップの切替えなどによって、ほぼ所定の値に調整している。直接需要家に供給する配電用変電所の二次電圧は、電圧調整器を用いてさらに細かく、たとえば重負荷時には3450ボルト、軽負荷時には3150ボルトのように調整し、需要家の引込み口の電圧をつねに一定範囲内になるようにしている。この電圧調整装置としては、誘導電圧調整器、負荷時電圧調整器などがあるが、効率よく経済的な負荷時タップ切替器付変圧器(負荷に送電した状態でタップの切替えが可能)が多く使用されている。小電力の交流回路では、磁気増幅器、サイリスタなどによる連続的な制御方法、オンオフ方式による不連続的な制御方法などがある。 [内田直之] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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