When a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium, and the equilibrium constant is K , X, defined as K = 10 - X or X = -log 10 K , is called pK . p stands for exponential power. The relationship between the amounts of chemical species involved in chemical equilibrium in a reaction system, such as activity, concentration, and pressure, is linked to K. However, the value of K can vary from extremely small to large depending on the substance. For example, the K for the dissociation equilibrium of acetic acid in an aqueous solution, CH 3 COOH⇄CH 3 COO - +H + , is 1.75×10 -5 mol/l at 25°C, and the K for the equilibrium for the formation of ammonia complex ions of copper(II), Cu 2+ +4NH 3 ⇄Cu(NH 3 ) 4 2+ , is 1.12×10 13 mol -4 l 4 at 25°C. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
化学反応が平衡に達し,その場合の平衡定数をKとおくとき,K=10-XまたはX=-log10Kで定義されるXをpKという。pはべき(冪)powerのことである。反応系において化学平衡に関与する化学種の量,たとえば活量,濃度,圧力などの間の関係はKと結びつけられる。しかしKの値はきわめて小さな値から大きな値まで,物質によってさまざまな値を示す。たとえば,水溶液中における酢酸の解離平衡CH3COOH⇄CH3COO-+H+のKは,25℃で1.75×10-5mol/lであり,銅(II)のアンモニア錯イオン生成についての平衡Cu2++4NH3⇄Cu(NH3)42+のKは,25℃で1.12×1013mol-4l4である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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