Ten (Japanese marten)

Japanese: テン(貂) - てん(英語表記)Japanese marten
Ten (Japanese marten)

It is an animal of the Mustelidae family of the Carnivora class of Mammalia. It is found throughout Japan and the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The body length of males is 45-50 cm, the tail length 17-23 cm, and females are slightly smaller. The summer coat is brown overall, yellow from the ears to the throat, and black on the face and limbs. The winter coat varies greatly, from a beautiful yellow overall like the Japanese marten with a white head and face, to a base color almost the same as the summer coat, like the Japanese marten, with a pale brown head, face, and throat, as well as intermediate types, and is considered to be a different type distinguished by its hue. The winter coat of the Tsushima marten, a subspecies found on Tsushima Island, M. m. tuensis, is similar to the Japanese marten, but the head, face, and throat are white. In all types and subspecies of martens, the limbs, especially the tips, are always black, but unlike the sable, the tip of the tail is not black.

[Minoru Asahi]

Ecology

Martens live in forests from mountainous regions to plains, and although they are rare in high mountains, they can be seen near human settlements. They hide in tree holes during the day and are active at night. They are omnivorous, eating animal matter such as insects, frogs, lizards, small birds, and mice, as well as fruit, and are particularly fond of wild grapes, Akebia japonica, and Mube in the fall. They are very skilled at climbing trees. They live alone outside of the breeding season. Mating can be seen from spring to summer, with various periods, but births are limited to April and May, with 2-4 babies per birth. It is not known whether pregnancy can occur from mating in the summer, but it is thought that there may be a delayed pregnancy in which the fetus stops developing.

[Minoru Asahi]

Related species

There are two species in the Marten genus, the American marten M. americana and the Fisher marten M. pennanti, in North America, and seven species in Europe and Asia, including the sable M. zibellina, the pine marten M. martes, and the yellow-collared marten M. flavigula. It was thought that only sables were found in Hokkaido, but the red marten was recently discovered. However, this may have been introduced. All species have beautiful fur, so they were overhunted and at one time their numbers were greatly reduced, but now countries around the world are taking measures to protect them. Sables are also farmed. All have a similar body shape, are larger than weasels, and have long limbs. Their fur is yellow or dark brown, with a pale throat. Many have different fur colors between winter and summer. All live in forests, and like insects, small animals, and fruit.

[Minoru Asahi]

Relationship with human life

Martens are captured with traps such as traps and box traps, rather than with firearms, because their fur is used and they are nocturnal. In Japan, 10,000 are captured annually, mostly in the Tohoku region and in prefectures such as Gunma, Nagano, Niigata, and Shimane. Capture is currently prohibited in Hokkaido and Ehime Prefecture. They do not live in Okinawa Prefecture. They are mainly used for coats and scarves, and the kites from cold regions are highly valued, with the Nejiro variety, which has white undercoat on its back, considered the highest quality. Next come the reddish-brown Neaka variety and the blackish-brown Neao variety, while the Susten variety from warm regions is dyed black and used as a substitute for the more valuable Sable. Martens also sometimes invade poultry and fish farms and cause damage, so are disliked by these businesses.

[Minoru Asahi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱食肉目イタチ科の動物。日本全国と、朝鮮半島南部に分布する。体長は雄で45~50センチメートル、尾長17~23センチメートル、雌はやや小さい。夏毛は全体に褐色で、耳からのどにかけて黄色、顔と四肢は黒い。冬毛は変異が大きく、キテンのように全体に美しい黄色で、頭と顔が白いものから、スステンのように地色は夏毛とほとんど変わらず、頭、顔、のどが淡い褐色となるものまで、およびその中間型もあり、色相によって区別される別型と考えられている。対馬(つしま)産の亜種ツシマテンM. m. tuensisの冬毛はスステンに似るが、頭、顔、のどは白い。テンの各型および亜種とも、四肢、とくにその先端はつねに黒いが、クロテンと違い尾の先端は黒くない。

[朝日 稔]

生態

テンは山地から平野部の森林にすみ、高山には少ないが、人里近くにもみられる。日中は樹洞などに潜み、夜間に活動する。雑食性で、昆虫、カエル、トカゲ、小鳥、ネズミなどの動物質のほか、果実も食べ、とくに秋にはノブドウ、アケビ、ムベなどをよくとる。木登りは非常に巧みである。繁殖期以外は単独で生活する。交尾は春から夏にみられ幅があるが、出産は4~5月に限られ、1産2~4子。夏にみられる交尾でも妊娠するかどうかわかっていないが、胎児が発育を停止する妊娠遅延があるとも考えられる。

[朝日 稔]

近縁種

テン属には、北アメリカにアメリカテンM. americana、フィッシャーM. pennantiの2種があり、ヨーロッパからアジアにクロテンM. zibellina、マツテンM. martes、キエリテンM. flavigulaなど7種がある。北海道にはクロテンしかいないとされていたが、最近キテンも発見された。しかし、これは移入されたものかもしれない。どの種も毛皮が美しいために乱獲され、一時は非常に減少したが、現在では世界各国とも保護策をとっている。また、クロテンは養殖もされている。体形はいずれも似ていて、イタチより大きく、四肢が長い。毛色は黄ないし黒褐色で、のどの部分が淡い。冬毛と夏毛で毛色が異なるものも多い。いずれも森林にすみ、昆虫や小動物のほか、果実も好む。

[朝日 稔]

人間生活との関係

テンは、毛皮を利用するためと夜行性のために、銃器によらず、とらばさみや箱わななどのわなで捕獲する。日本での捕獲数は年間1万頭、東北地方と群馬、長野、新潟、島根などの各県が多い。北海道と愛媛県は現在捕獲禁止としている。沖縄県には生息しない。利用はおもにコート、襟巻などで、寒い地域のキテンが価値が高く、なかでも背の下毛が白い根白(ねじろ)が最高級とされる。ついで下毛の赤褐色の根赤(ねあか)、黒褐色の根青(ねあお)となり、暖地のスステンは黒く染色して、より価値の高いクロテンの代用にされる程度である。また、テンは養鶏場や養魚場へ侵入して害を与えることもあり、これらの業者からは嫌われている。

[朝日 稔]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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