Iwajuku ruins

Japanese: 岩宿遺跡 - いわじゅくいせき
Iwajuku ruins

This is a Paleolithic site from before the emergence of the Jomon culture, located from Iwajuku to Sawada in Azami, Kasakakecho, Midori City, Gunma Prefecture. It appears to cover almost the entire hilly area, centered on both sides of a road that cuts through the central saddle of a gourd-shaped independent hill that runs north-south from northeast to southwest, and has a triangulation point at an altitude of 196.2 meters, about 4.4 km southwest of JR Kiryu Station, in the western suburbs of Kiryu City.

In 1946 (Showa 21), Aizawa Tadahiro, then an unknown young archaeologist living in Kiryu City, passed through this cut-through every morning while peddling natto (fermented soybeans). He discovered fragments of obsidian in the loam layer considerably deeper than the black soil layer on the Kamihata side of the cliff. Curious, he observed the cliff face of the cut-through every morning, and by the early spring of 1949, he had collected a dozen or so fragments of obsidian from the loam layer. In the summer of the same year, they finally discovered a stone spear made of obsidian measuring about 5 cm in length, which convinced them that Paleolithic people from the Upper Pleistocene (Pleistocene) who had no pottery from before the Jomon culture had been living in the Kanto Loam layer, and they presented these artifacts to Serizawa Chosuke, Esaka Teruya, and others, and in September 1949, Sugihara Sosuke, Serizawa, and others conducted an excavation survey at the Meiji University Faculty of Letters Archaeology Laboratory. They discovered artifacts such as fragments of Inaridai-type pottery from the early Jomon period beneath the black soil layer that had piled up near the topsoil, and excavated about 50 cm below the surface of the loam layer, and discovered agate and small stone tools such as a cutting knife made of obsidian. About one meter below the top of the loam layer is a loam layer containing dark organic matter, about 40 centimeters thick, from which large shale blades and mallet-shaped stone tools were excavated. Sugihara named the upper part the Iwajuku II culture and the lower part the Iwajuku I culture. The excavation of this site by Meiji University marked the beginning of today's full-scale research into Japanese Paleolithic culture, and Aizawa Tadahiro's discovery should be recorded as an immortal achievement in the history of Japanese archaeology.

In 1970, a layer of Early Paleolithic culture comparable to those at Sozudai and Hoshino (a group of "paleolithic tools made of quartzite") was discovered in the Shimosueyoshi loam layer, which is even lower than Iwajuku I. Chosuke Serizawa investigated it and named it the Iwajuku Zero Culture. It was designated a national historic site in 1979 (Showa 54). The excavated items are designated as important cultural properties by the government.

[Esaka Teruya]

"Stone-tool culture discovered in Iwajuku, Gunma Prefecture" by Sosuke Sugihara (1956, Meiji University) " "The discovery of Iwajuku" by Tadahiro Aizawa (Kodansha Bunko)

[Reference item] | Kasakake

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

群馬県みどり市笠懸町阿左美(かさかけちょうあざみ)の字岩宿から字沢田にわたって存在する縄文文化発生前の旧石器時代の遺跡。桐生(きりゅう)市の西郊、JR桐生駅西南西約4.4キロメートル、標高196.2メートルの三角点のある、南北にひょうたん形をした独立丘の中央鞍部(あんぶ)を北東から南西方向へ切通しで通ずる道路の両側を中心に、この丘陵地帯のほぼ全域にわたっているようである。

 1946年(昭和21)、当時桐生市在住の一無名青年考古学研究家であった相沢忠洋(ただひろ)が、毎朝納豆行商をしながらこの切通しを通過し、崖(がけ)上畑面の黒土層よりかなり深い位置のローム層中に黒曜石片が介在するのを発見、不思議に思い、毎朝の通過のたび切通し崖面を観察、49年早春ごろまでに十数片の黒曜石片をローム層中から採集した。同年夏にはついに黒曜石製の長さ約5センチメートルの石槍(いしやり)を発見、関東ローム層中にも、縄文文化以前の土器をもたない、上部更新世(洪積世)の旧石器時代人が生活していたことを確信し、これらの遺物を芹沢長介(せりざわちょうすけ)、江坂輝彌(てるや)らに提示し、49年9月、杉原荘介、芹沢ら明治大学文学部考古学研究室で発掘調査をした。表土近く堆積(たいせき)の黒色土層下部に縄文早期の稲荷(いなり)台式土器片などの遺物を発見し、ローム層面を約50センチメートル発掘したローム層中から瑪瑙(めのう)、黒曜石製の切出し型ナイフなどの小形石器を発見。ローム層上面から約1メートルの下位にその下約40センチメートルの厚さに黒みを帯びた有機質を含むローム層があり、この層中から頁岩(けつがん)製の大形ブレード、握槌(にぎりつち)状石器などを発掘した。杉原は上部を岩宿Ⅱ、下部を岩宿Ⅰ文化と命名した。明治大学による本遺跡の発掘調査が今日の日本旧石器文化の本格的研究への端緒になったものであり、相沢忠洋の発見は、日本考古学史上に不朽の業績として記録されるべきものである。

 1970年この岩宿Ⅰよりさらに下層、下末吉(しもすえよし)ローム該当層から、早水台(そうずだい)、星野(ほしの)にも匹敵する前期旧石器文化の文化層(「珪岩(けいがん)製旧石器」群)が発見され、芹沢長介が調査、岩宿ゼロ文化と名づけている。1979年(昭和54)国史跡に指定された。出土品は国指定重要文化財。

[江坂輝彌]

『杉原荘介著『群馬県岩宿発見の石器文化』(1956・明治大学)』『相沢忠洋著『岩宿の発見』(講談社文庫)』

[参照項目] | 笠懸

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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