This law states that "in a compound, the mass ratio of the component elements is always constant." It was proposed by the Frenchman J. L. Proust in 1799. When we look at a compound, the mass ratio of the component elements remains constant regardless of the manufacturing method or place of origin. Stoichiometry deals with the chemical composition of a compound, or the quantitative relationship of substances in a chemical change. For example, in water, the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 1:8 (strictly speaking, 1:7.9396). It is well known that the law of definite proportions was met with fierce opposition when it was first proposed. The most vocal opponent was C. L. Berthollet, who was the presiding officer of the French Chemical Society at the time. For this reason, compounds that did not conform to the law of definite proportions, such as pyrrhotite, came to be called bertolides. [Yamazaki Akira] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
「化合物の中では、成分元素の質量比はつねに一定である」という法則。1799年、フランスのJ・L・プルーストによって提出されたものである。ある化合物についてみると、成分元素の質量比は、製法や産出地などによらずつねに一定になるという。化合物の化学組成、あるいは化学変化における物質の数量的関係を対象とするのは化学量論(ストイキオメトリー)である。たとえば、水では水素と酸素の質量比は1対8(厳密には1対7.9396)である。 定比例の法則は提案された当時、激しい反対にあったことは有名である。反対の急先鋒(せんぽう)は、当時のフランス化学会の長老、C・L・ベルトレであった。このために定比例の法則に合致しない化合物、たとえば磁硫鉄鉱などを称してべルトライドというようになった。 [山崎 昶] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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