Born: September 4, 1906, Berlin [Died] March 9, 1981, Pasadena. German-born American physicist and molecular biologist. Graduated from the University of Göttingen with a doctorate in 1930. Initially, he studied nuclear theory, but joined the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin (1932) and became interested in genetic phenomena. In 1934, he went to the United States and became a professor at Binderbilt University (1940-47). He obtained citizenship (1945). He began experiments with phages at the California Institute of Technology (1937-1939), and discovered that there is a latent period between the attachment of phages to bacteria and the release of progeny phages, and demonstrated that phages multiply during this latent period. In 1940, he formed a research group with S. Luria and others (later known as the phage group). In collaboration with Luria, he demonstrated bacterial mutation. These achievements paved the way for the use of phages and bacteria as a means of genetic research. In 1946, independently of A. Hershey, he discovered that genetic recombination occurs in viruses. He became a professor at the California Institute of Technology in 1947. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969, along with Hershey and Luria, for their research on phage. Delbrück |
[生]1906.9.4. ベルリン [没]1981.3.9. パサディナ ドイツ生れのアメリカの物理学者,分子生物学者。ゲッティンゲン大学を卒業し,1930年学位取得。初め原子核理論などを専攻していたが,ベルリンのカイザー・ウィルヘルム化学研究所へ入って (1932) ,遺伝現象に関心をもつ。 34年アメリカに渡り,バインダービルト大学教授 (40~47) 。市民権を得る (45) 。カリフォルニア工科大学でファージを用いた実験を始め (37~39) ,細菌へのファージの吸着と子ファージ放出との間に潜伏期のあることを発見,潜伏期にファージの増殖が行われることを明らかにした。 40年 S.ルリアらとともに研究グループを結成 (後年ファージグループと呼ばれる) 。ルリアとの共同研究で細菌の突然変異を証明。これらの業績は,遺伝の研究手段としてファージや細菌を使用するための下地をなした。 46年に,A.ハーシーとは独立に,ウイルスで遺伝子組換えが起ることを発見。 47年からカリフォルニア工科大学教授。ファージ研究に対し,ハーシー,ルリアとともに,69年にノーベル生理学・医学賞を与えられた。 デルブリュック
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