Delbrück, Max

Japanese: デルブリュック(英語表記)Delbrück, Max
Delbrück, Max
Born: September 4, 1906, Berlin
[Died] March 9, 1981, Pasadena. German-born American physicist and molecular biologist. Graduated from the University of Göttingen with a doctorate in 1930. Initially, he studied nuclear theory, but joined the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin (1932) and became interested in genetic phenomena. In 1934, he went to the United States and became a professor at Binderbilt University (1940-47). He obtained citizenship (1945). He began experiments with phages at the California Institute of Technology (1937-1939), and discovered that there is a latent period between the attachment of phages to bacteria and the release of progeny phages, and demonstrated that phages multiply during this latent period. In 1940, he formed a research group with S. Luria and others (later known as the phage group). In collaboration with Luria, he demonstrated bacterial mutation. These achievements paved the way for the use of phages and bacteria as a means of genetic research. In 1946, independently of A. Hershey, he discovered that genetic recombination occurs in viruses. He became a professor at the California Institute of Technology in 1947. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969, along with Hershey and Luria, for their research on phage.

Delbrück
Delbrück, Hans Gottlieb Leopold

Born: November 11, 1848 in Bergen
Died July 14, 1929. Berlin. German military historian and politician. Professor at the University of Berlin in 1885. From 1883, he collaborated with Treitschke in publishing the Preussische Jahrbücher (Prussian Annual Report), of which he served as editor-in-chief from 1889 to 1919. He was also active as a member of the Prussian Duma (1882-85) and the Imperial Diet (1884-90). As a liberal with nationalistic tendencies in foreign policy, he influenced Chancellor T. Bethmann-Hollweg in the early stages of World War I. He pointed out the deep connection between war and politics, and came into conflict with E. Ludendorff and A. Tirpitz. He also strongly opposed the Allied argument that Germany should be solely responsible for the war. His main works are "Tactical History as a Part of Political History" (Geschichte der Kriegskunst im Rahmen der Politichen Geschichte) (7 volumes, 1900-27) and "Vor und nach dem Weltkrieg" (Before and After the World War) (26).

Delbrück
Delbrück, Rudolf von

Born: April 16, 1817, Berlin
Died February 1, 1903, Berlin. German and Prussian politician. Joined the Ministry of Commerce in 1848 and worked to strengthen and expand the customs union, and in 1851 brought Hanover, Oldenburg and other cities into the customs union. With Bismarck's support, he promoted a free trade policy. In 1867, he became Chancellor of the North German Confederation. In 1868, he became Prussian Minister without Portfolio, and in 1870, during the final stage of German unification, he successfully negotiated to have the South German states join the empire. In 1871, he became Chancellor of the Imperial Chancellery and worked hard to establish the German administrative system. However, in 1876, he resigned in opposition to Bismarck's policies. He continued to oppose Bismarck's protectionist trade policies in the Imperial Diet. His main work is Lebenserinnerungen1817-67 (2 volumes, 1905).

Delbrück
Delbrück, Berthold

Born: July 26, 1842, Putbus, Rügen
[Died] January 3, 1922. Jena German linguist. Professor at the University of Jena from 1870 to 1912. He was engaged in comparative research of the Indo-European languages, and as a member of the Young Grammar School, he made great contributions to the study of syntax, which had been unexplored until then. His main works include Syntaktische Forschungen (Studies on Syntax) (5 volumes, 1871-88, co-authored with E. Windisch) and Vergleichende Syntax der indo-germanischen Sprachen (1893-1900, 3-5 volumes of Outlines of a Comparative Grammar of Indo-European Languages, co-authored with K. Bruckmann).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1906.9.4. ベルリン
[没]1981.3.9. パサディナ
ドイツ生れのアメリカの物理学者,分子生物学者。ゲッティンゲン大学を卒業し,1930年学位取得。初め原子核理論などを専攻していたが,ベルリンのカイザー・ウィルヘルム化学研究所へ入って (1932) ,遺伝現象に関心をもつ。 34年アメリカに渡り,バインダービルト大学教授 (40~47) 。市民権を得る (45) 。カリフォルニア工科大学でファージを用いた実験を始め (37~39) ,細菌へのファージの吸着と子ファージ放出との間に潜伏期のあることを発見,潜伏期にファージの増殖が行われることを明らかにした。 40年 S.ルリアらとともに研究グループを結成 (後年ファージグループと呼ばれる) 。ルリアとの共同研究で細菌の突然変異を証明。これらの業績は,遺伝の研究手段としてファージや細菌を使用するための下地をなした。 46年に,A.ハーシーとは独立に,ウイルスで遺伝子組換えが起ることを発見。 47年からカリフォルニア工科大学教授。ファージ研究に対し,ハーシー,ルリアとともに,69年にノーベル生理学・医学賞を与えられた。

デルブリュック
Delbrück, Hans Gottlieb Leopold

[生]1848.11.11. ベルゲン
[没]1929.7.14. ベルリン
ドイツの軍事史家,政治家。 1885年ベルリン大学教授。また 83年からトライチュケに協力し『プロシア年報』 Preussische Jahrbücherを刊行,89~1919年その編集責任者をつとめ,一方プロシア下院 (1882~85) ,帝国議会 (84~90) の議員としても活躍。外交政策について国家主義的傾向をもつ自由派として,第1次世界大戦初期の宰相 T.ベートマン・ホルウェークに影響を与えた。彼は戦争と政治の深い関連を指摘し,E.ルーデンドルフや A.ティルピッツと対立,またドイツのみに戦争責任を負わせようとする連合国側の論調にも激しく反発した。主著『政治史の一環としての戦術史』 Geschichte der Kriegskunst im Rahmen der politischen Geschichte (7巻,1900~27) ,『世界大戦前後』 Vor und nach dem Weltkrieg (26) 。

デルブリュック
Delbrück, Rudolf von

[生]1817.4.16. ベルリン
[没]1903.2.1. ベルリン
ドイツ,プロシアの政治家。 1848年商務省に入り,関税同盟の強化,拡大に努力,51年ハノーバー,オルデンブルクなどを関税同盟に参加させた。ビスマルクの支持を得て自由貿易政策を推進。 67年北ドイツ連邦官房長官。 68年プロシア無任所相となり,70年ドイツ統一の最終段階において南ドイツ諸国を帝国に参加させるための交渉に成功を収めた。 71年帝国宰相府官房長官となりドイツ行政制度の確立に尽した。しかし 76年ビスマルクの政策に反対して辞職。その後も帝国議会においてビスマルクの保護貿易政策に反対を続けた。主著『回想録』 Lebenserinnerungen1817-67 (2巻,1905) 。

デルブリュック
Delbrück, Berthold

[生]1842.7.26. リューゲン島,プットブス
[没]1922.1.3. イェナ
ドイツの言語学者。 1870~1912年イェナ大学教授。インド=ヨーロッパ語族の比較研究に従事し,青年文法学派の一員として,特にそれまで未開拓であった統辞論の研究を進め,この分野に大きな業績を残した。主著『統辞論研究』 Syntaktische Forschungen (5巻,1871~88,E.ウィンディッシュと共著) ,『印欧語比較統辞論』 Vergleichende Syntax der indo-germanischen Sprachen (93~1900,K.ブルークマンと共著の『印欧語比較文法概要』の3~5巻をなす) 。

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