A mountain village in Shiga County, Omi Province. It is currently located in the Katsukawa area of Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture. It began when Myo-in Temple was built in the mid-9th century by Sou as a training ground for the Kaihogyoja (training hall) of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mount Hiei. Later, it came under the control of the feudal lords Shoren-in Temple, the head temple of Enryaku-ji Temple, and Mudoji Temple, which is part of Enryaku-ji Temple. As it was a sacred place for mountain asceticism, the feudal lord strictly restricted development of the area, but from the end of the Heian period onwards, as development of the mountains and fields by residents of neighboring manors and residents of Katsukawa progressed, disputes over boundaries with neighboring manors frequently arose. In particular, the dispute with Ikadachi-no-sho from 1317 to 1319 (Bunpo 1 to Gen'o 1) is well known, and two drawings created at that time still exist. As this situation progressed, the feudal lord's policies to limit the number of people living in the Kuzu River and to suppress development became mere names. In the Muromachi period, the development of mountains, fields and farmland progressed further, and in the 16th century, various settlements that lead to today's village names were established. [Satoshi Sakata] "Sakata Satoshi, Clan, and Village in Medieval Japan (1997, Azekura Shobo)" ▽ "Mizuno Shoji, Villages and Manors in Medieval Japan (2000, Azekura Shobo)" ▽ "Takagi Tokuro, Research on the Regional Environmental History of Medieval Japan (2008, Azekura Shobo)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
近江国滋賀郡の山間村落。現在の滋賀県大津市葛川地区にあたる。比叡山延暦寺の回峰行者(かいほうぎょうじゃ)衆の修験道場として、9世紀中ごろに相応(そうおう)によって同地に明王院(みょうおういん)が建立されたのが始まり。のちに延暦寺の門跡(もんぜき)寺院青蓮院(しょうれんいん)と、延暦寺を構成する無動寺(むどうじ)による領主支配を受けた。山岳修験の霊場であったため、同地の開発は領主によって厳しく制限されたが、平安時代末期以降、近隣荘園の住民や、葛川の住民の手による山野の開発が進行すると、境界をめぐっての近隣荘園との争いがたびたび発生した。わけても、1317年から1319年(文保1~元応1)にかけての伊香立荘(いかだちのしょう)との争いは著名で、そのおりに作成された2葉の絵図が現存する。こうした事態の進行によって、領主側がとった、葛川に居住する住民数の制限政策や、開発抑制政策は、有名無実化していった。室町時代になると、山野や耕地の開発はさらに進展し、16世紀には、今日の字名につながる諸集落が成立した。 [坂田 聡] 『坂田聡著『日本中世の氏・家・村』(1997・校倉書房)』▽『水野章二著『日本中世の村落と荘園制』(2000・校倉書房)』▽『高木徳郎著『日本中世地域環境史の研究』(2008・校倉書房)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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