Overprotective - Kahogo

A type of parenting relationship in which parents (caregivers) give excessive consideration and interference to their children. Real parent-child relationships are diverse, but various studies have been conducted to classify them into several types. One of the more influential ones places dominance-submission as the axis that determines the parent-child superiority relationship, and acceptance-rejection as the axis of the affectionate relationship. Combining these two dimensions, four types are obtained: dominant-receptive, dominant-rejective, submissive-receptive, and submissive-rejective. The first is thought to roughly correspond to what is commonly called the overprotective type, the second to the despotic (cruel) type, the third to the doting (ready-made) type, and the fourth to the permissive (indifferent) type. The position of the origin that is not biased toward any of these is considered to be the ideal type. Doting and overprotectiveness are easily confused, and in real parent-child relationships, the two are often mixed together or alternate depending on the situation, so these types are not clearly separated, and it is better to think of them as differences in the way in which they are weighted, but dividing them in this way makes the difference between the two clear. For example, in the overprotective type, children are dependent and submissive, but lack spontaneity and initiative. On the other hand, in the doting type, children are aggressive and rebellious, but also overly proactive and overconfident. However, both types share at their core the common feature of being too accepting of their parents, and have a common weakness in that they find it difficult to maintain autonomy when they lose the backing of their parents or authority figures. This weakness can be corrected during the developmental process, but it often continues to some extent into adulthood.

[Tamotsu Fujinaga]

"Tokyo Youth Problem Survey Report" (1972), compiled and published by the Planning Division of the Youth Affairs Department, Bureau of General Affairs, Tokyo Metropolitan Government " ▽ "Wada Shuji, Loss and Hope in the Age of Education (1993, Tamagawa University Press)" ▽ Yoda Akira, editor, "Children in an Era of Low Birthrates: Searching for Desirable Home Education" (1997, Brain Publishing)" ▽ Sasaki Masami, editor, Sugiura Masaaki, "The Recommendation of Overprotection" (2002, Shogakukan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

親（養育者）が過度の配慮と干渉を子供に対して与える養育関係の型。現実の親子関係は多様であるが、これをいくつかの型に分類しようとする研究がさまざまに行われてきた。比較的有力なものの一つは、親子の優位関係を定める軸として支配―服従を、愛情関係の軸として受容―拒否を置く。この二つの次元を組み合わせると、支配的―受容的、支配的―拒否的、服従的―受容的、服従的―拒否的という四つの類型ができる。第一が普通にいう過保護型、第二が専制（残酷）型、第三が溺愛(できあい)型、第四が放任（無関心）型におよそ対応していると考えられる。これらのどれにも偏らない原点の位置が、理想型とみられよう。溺愛と過保護は混同されやすく、また実際の親子関係では両者が入り混じったり、状況によって交代したりすることも多いから、これらの型は明確に分かれるものではなく、むしろ比重の置き方の違いと考えたほうがよいが、こう分けると両者の違いがはっきりする。たとえば、過保護型では、子供は依存的―服従的であるが、自発性や積極性に乏しい。一方、溺愛型では攻撃的―反抗的である反面、過度の積極性や自信過剰がみられる。しかし、両者とも根底には親の受容度が高すぎるという共通点をもち、親や権威者の後ろ盾を失ってしまうと自律性を保ちにくくなるという共通の難点がある。この難点は成長過程で修正されうるが、成人後の人格にもなにほどかは引き続くことが多い。

［藤永　保］

『東京都総務局青少年対策部計画課編・刊『東京都青少年問題調査報告書』（1972）』▽『和田修二著『教育時代の喪失と希望』（1993・玉川大学出版部）』▽『依田明編著『少子化時代の子どもたち――望ましい家庭教育を探る』（1997・ブレーン出版）』▽『佐々木正美著、杉浦正明編『過保護のススメ』（2002・小学館）』

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