Oprichnik - Oprichnik

...Faced with the difficult Livonian War, conflicts with his entourage, and the punishment of and rebellions against the boyars, Ivan IV threatened his people with abdication in 1565, obtained emergency powers, and created the Oprichnina, a special territorial, military, financial, and administrative entity. The principalities covered half the principality's key territories, and had their own military, oprichnik, composed mainly of nobles. The rest of the country was called zemshchna, and the Council of Nobles ruled this territory, but required Ivan's consent on important issues. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Oprichnik" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…イワン4世は困難なリボニア戦争，側近との衝突，大貴族への懲罰と彼らの反抗に直面して，1565年退位をもって国民を脅迫し，非常大権を得たうえで，特別の領域，軍隊，財政，行政をもつオプリチニナを創設した。この直轄領は公国の要地の半ばを占め，主に士族より成る独自の部隊オプリチニクoprichnikをもった。直轄領以外の地域は〈ゼムシチナzemshchna〉の名称をとり，貴族会議がこの領域を支配したが，重要問題についてはイワンの同意を必要とした。…

※「オプリチニク」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報