Kamo family - Kamoke

Japanese: 賀茂家 - かもけ

...They are religious people who use a special divination method called Onmyodo, which originated in China, to predict all good and bad fortune and perform incantations to deal with them. They are also called Taoists, Taoists, and Taoists. Their first appearance as government officials was in February 684 (Tenmu 13), when they were dispatched to perform divination for the selection of the new capital. Under the Ritsuryo system, six members were appointed to the Onmyoryo and performed divination and sage-sage duties. In the provinces, they were stationed in Dazaifu, Tokai, Tozan, San'in, and Saikai provinces, and Mutsu Chinjufu. In the Heian period, among the general public, there were many activities of priests and onmyoji, including the master Chitoku, who put a spell on pirates in Harima Province, and around the Modori Bridge on the Ichijo Horikawa River in Kyoto, a group of onmyoji preached the legends related to Abe no Seimei, a master of this art, and established their own authority.

From Onmyodo

…In the early Muromachi period, Kamo no Arikata wrote the Rekirin Mondoshu. During the Sengoku period, the main line of the Kamo clan was cut off, and the Tsuchimikado (Abe) clan was banished by Hideyoshi and fell into a period of decline, but was restored in the Edo period, and then during the reign of Gomizunoo, the Kamo clan was restored by its tributary, the Kotokui clan. For a long time, the calendar was based on China, and the calendars of Genka, Giho, Taien, and Senmei were used. Finally, in the Edo period, the calendar was changed to the Jokyo calendar created by Shunkai Shibukawa, and then the Tenpo calendar based on Western calendars. In 1870 (Meiji 3), the lunar calendar was also discontinued with the abolition of the Onmyoryo, and this marked the end of official Onmyodo. …

From [Calendar]

...The Bureau of Onmyo was placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Central Affairs, and under the head of the Onmyo Department, along with astronomy and clock experts, one calendar expert was to create calendars and teach calendar numbers to ten calendar students. Eventually, this system became a mere formality, and the calendar position was hereditary, and the art of calendars became a secret and was monopolized by the Kamo clan. Kibi no Makibi was a man of great knowledge who studied in China as a student, and brought the Daien calendar along with other cultural artifacts when he returned to Japan. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to the Kamo family is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…中国発祥の陰陽道と称する特殊な方術の占法をもってすべての吉凶災福を察知し，これに処するための呪術作法を行う宗教家で，方士，方術士，方伎士などとも呼ばれる。官僚としては684年(天武13)2月，新都選定の卜占に派遣された記事が初見で，律令制下では陰陽寮に6人の定員がおかれ占筮相地等をなし，地方では大宰府はじめ東海･東山･山陰･西海各道や陸奥鎮守府に配置された。平安時代，民間では播磨国に海賊を呪縛した智徳なる名人をはじめ法師陰陽師の活躍がみられたし，京都一条堀川の戻橋辺では陰陽師団が斯道の達人安倍晴明にゆかりの伝承を説き，みずからを権威づけるところがあった。…

【陰陽道】より

…室町初期には賀茂在方が《暦林問答集》を著した。戦国期に賀茂家嫡流は絶え，土御門(安倍)家も秀吉に追放されていったん没落したが，江戸期に入って復興され，ついで後水尾朝に賀茂家は支流幸徳井氏によって復興された。暦は長らく中国のものに依存し，元嘉，儀鳳，大衍（たいえん），宣明の諸暦が用いられたのち，ようやく江戸期に渋川春海のつくった貞享暦，ついで西洋流暦法による天保暦と改まり，1870年(明治3)陰陽寮の廃止とともに太陰暦もやめられ，官制の陰陽道はここに終止符を打った。…

【暦】より

…中務省の管轄のもとに陰陽寮がおかれ，陰陽頭のもとには天文博士や漏刻（ろうこく）博士らとともに暦博士1人がいて暦を作り，暦生10人に暦数を教えることが規定されていた。やがてこの制度は形骸化して暦職は世襲され暦道は秘伝となって賀茂家に独占されるようになった。吉備真備（きびのまきび）は留学生として唐に学び，その帰朝に際して他のもろもろの文物とともに大衍暦を携えてきた博識の人物である。…

※「賀茂家」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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