Teradaya Incident - Teradaya Incident

In the middle of the night of April 23, 1862 (Bunkyu 2), Satsuma samurai Arima Shinshichi and other Sonno Joi extremists were murdered by Satsuma soldiers at the Teradaya Isuke residence, a Satsuma clan boat inn in Fushimi, Kyoto. After the Sakashitamongai Incident, Shimazu Hisamitsu, father of Satsuma clan lord Mochihisa, began promoting the reform of the shogunate government and the unification of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate through a coalition of powerful clans led by Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu and Matsudaira Yoshinaga. Meanwhile, Satsuma samurai Arima Shinshichi, Tanaka Kensuke, Shibayama Aijiro, and Hashiguchi Sosuke allied with extremists such as Tanaka Kawachinosuke, a samurai of the Nakayama family, Bungo Oka samurai Ogawa Kazutoshi, Kurume priest Maki Yasuomi (Izumi), and Shonai local samurai Kiyokawa Hachiro, and gathered in Osaka and Kyoto. Taking advantage of Hisamitsu's entry into Kyoto, they raised an army to overthrow Ando Nobumasa's government, restore the powers of the nobles and feudal lords who had been placed under house arrest during the Ansei Purge, and realize major reforms in the shogunate. They also called for a wider uprising in Mito, Choshu, Kumamoto, and other areas, but each domain suppressed the actions of its samurai. Hisamitsu entered Kyoto on April 16th, and presented proposals that anticipated the demands of the patriots, including the appointment of Konoe Tadahiro as regent. He tried to go to Edo to reshuffle the bakufu, but he suppressed the patriots' actions as an "outburst." There were divisions among the patriots, and in the end, Arima and a dozen other Satsuma samurai, along with Maki and Tanaka, gathered in Fushimi on April 23rd to carry out the assassination of the regent Kujo Hisatada and the Kyoto shoshidai Sakai Tadayoshi. Hisamitsu sent nine men, including Narahara Kihachiro (Shige), to Fushimi and ordered them to "execute the assassins by order of the emperor." As a result of the brawl, six people, including Arima, Shibayama, and Hashiguchi, were killed, and two were seriously injured. Tanaka Kawachisuke was also killed in the Harima Nada Sea while being escorted to Kagoshima. Hisamitsu's role was highly praised by the Imperial Court, and the regent Kujo Naotada, who was close to the shogunate, resigned. Furthermore, Hisamitsu accompanied the imperial envoy Ohara Shigetomi to Edo, where he ensured that Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu became guardian of the shogun and Matsudaira Yoshinaga became chief minister.

[Hachiro Kawachi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1862年（文久2）4月23日深夜、京都伏見(ふしみ)の、薩摩(さつま)藩船宿(ふなやど)寺田屋伊助方で、薩摩藩士有馬(ありま)新七以下尊攘(そんじょう)激派が、薩摩藩兵に殺害された事件。薩摩藩主茂久(もちひさ)の父島津久光(ひさみつ)は、坂下門外の変後、一橋慶喜(よしのぶ)、松平慶永(よしなが)を中心とする雄藩連合体制による幕政改革と公武合体の推進に乗り出した。一方、薩摩藩士有馬新七、田中謙助、柴山愛次郎、橋口壮介らは、公卿(くぎょう)中山家家士田中河内介(かわちのすけ)、豊後(ぶんご)岡藩士小河一敏(おがわかずとし)、久留米(くるめ)の神官真木保臣(まきやすおみ)（和泉(いずみ)）、庄内(しょうない)郷士清河(きよかわ)八郎ら激派と結んで、大坂、京都に集結、久光の入京を機に挙兵し、安藤信正(のぶまさ)の政権を倒し、安政(あんせい)の大獄で謹慎中の公卿や諸藩主の復権を図り、幕府の大改革を実現しようとした。水戸、長州、熊本など、さらに広い挙兵も呼びかけたが、各藩では藩士の動きを抑えた。久光は4月16日に入京し、近衛忠煕(このえただひろ)の関白就任をはじめ、志士たちの要求を先取りする内容の建議を示し、幕閣改造のために江戸に向かおうとしたが、志士たちの動きを「暴発」として抑えた。志士たちの間にも分裂があり、結局、有馬らの薩摩藩士十数名と、真木、田中らが、4月23日、関白九条尚忠(ひさただ)と京都所司代酒井忠義(ただよし)の殺害を決行するため伏見に集結。久光は、奈良原喜八郎(ならはらきはちろう)（繁）ら9名を伏見に送り、「上意討ち」を命じた。乱闘の結果、有馬、柴山、橋口ら6名が殺され、2名が重傷を負った。田中河内介も鹿児島へ護送中、播磨灘(はりまなだ)で殺された。久光の役割は朝廷から高く評価され、幕府に近かった関白九条尚忠は辞任した。さらに久光は、勅使大原重徳(しげとみ)を擁して江戸に下り、一橋慶喜の将軍後見職、松平慶永の政事総裁職就任を実現させた。

［河内八郎］

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