Haitian dictator. After serving as a nurse, he studied medicine in the United States. After serving as Minister of Health and other positions, he was elected president in 1957 and declared himself president for life in 1964. He was called "Papa Doc" because he was a doctor, but he used a secret police called "Tonton Macoute" (Demons) to assassinate political opponents and oppress popular movements, leading a reign of terror. He is said to be responsible for the deaths of more than 30,000 people. In 1971, just before his death, he appointed his son Jean-Claude Duvalier (1951- ) as his successor. Jean-Claude (Baby Doc), who became president, followed his father in a reign of terror, and in 1983 he also declared himself president for life, leading a corrupt life. In February 1986, as national riots sparked by food riots spread across the country, Jean-Claude's family fled the country on a US military plane, and the family's dictatorship collapsed. [Masako Goto] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ハイチの独裁政治家。看護兵を経て、アメリカで医学を学ぶ。保健大臣などを務めたあと、1957年に大統領に当選、1964年終身大統領を宣言した。医師をしていたことから「パパ・ドック」とよばれたが、「トントン・マクート」(鬼人)という秘密警察を使い政敵を暗殺し大衆運動を弾圧するなど恐怖政治を行った。3万人以上の殺害に責任があるといわれる。1971年、死の直前に息子のジャン・クロードJean-Claude Duvalier(1951― )を後継者に指名。後継大統領となったジャン・クロード(ベビー・ドック)は、父同様の恐怖政治を行い、1983年にはやはり終身大統領を宣言、腐敗した生活を送った。1986年2月、食糧暴動に端を発した国民暴動が全国に広がるなかで、ジャン・クロード一家は米軍機で国外に脱出し一族の独裁体制は崩壊した。 [後藤政子] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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