Founder of the Red Cross. Born in Geneva, Switzerland. Influenced by his compassionate parents, he worked to provide relief to the sick and poor from his youth, and in 1855 he participated in the founding of the YMCA. Seeing poverty in Africa inspired him to develop its economy, and he established a flour milling company in Algeria. In 1858, while visiting Napoleon III in northern Italy during the Italian War of Independence, he was caught in the fierce battle of Solferino in Castiglione, where he saw the many wounded lying there and participated in relief efforts. In 1862, he published "Memoirs of Solferino," which described his experiences and the need to establish a neutral, private international organization to provide relief to the wounded. This work caused a great stir in European countries, and as a result, the International Red Cross was founded in 1863, and the following year, the Geneva Convention of the Red Cross was concluded in 1864. In 1901, he was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to philanthropy and peace. [Shigeki Miyazaki] "The Birth of the Red Cross - Memories of Solferino" (1959, Hakusuisha) by Tosaburo Kiuchi. "Violet Kelway Libby Henry Dunant; Prophet of Peace (1964, Pageant Press, Inc., New York)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
赤十字の創始者。スイスのジュネーブ生まれ。慈悲心に富んだ父母の影響を受けて、青少年期から病人・貧者の救護にあたり、1855年にはYMCAの創設に参加した。 アフリカの貧困をみてその経済開発を思い立ち、アルジェリアに製粉会社を設立、その水利権を得るため、1858年イタリア統一戦争のため北イタリアに従軍中のナポレオン3世を訪ねる途中、カスティリオーネでソルフェリーノの激戦にあい、多数の負傷者の横たわる惨状をみてその救護活動に参加した。1862年その経験と傷病者救護のための中立的民間国際機構創設の必要を述べた『ソルフェリーノの思い出』を出版。それがヨーロッパ各国に多大の反響をよび、その影響によって1863年国際赤十字が創設され、翌1864年赤十字(ジュネーブ)条約が締結された。1901年、博愛、平和に尽くした功績によって第1回ノーベル平和賞を受賞した。 [宮崎繁樹] 『木内利三郎訳『赤十字の誕生――ソルフェリーノの思い出』(1959・白水社)』▽『Violet Kelway LibbyHenry Dunant;Prophet of Peace (1964, Pageant Press, Inc., New York)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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