Sadducees - Saddukaíos (Greek)

As known from Josephus' Jewish Antiquities and the New Testament, the Sadducees were a Jewish sect that existed between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD. The name Sadducees comes from the priest Sadoc (1 Kings 2:35, Old Testament) from the time of Solomon (10th century BC), and means his descendants. In other words, the sect was mainly made up of priests and placed importance on sacrifices at the temple in Jerusalem. They also stuck to the literal text of the Bible. In this respect, they were in sharp conflict with the Pharisees, who developed a flexible interpretation of the Bible based on the awareness that the law would become obsolete if it was not constantly reinterpreted. The Sadducees' emphasis on temple rituals and their insistence on literalism meant that they lacked the ability to lead the people who were struggling with the changing times, and ultimately led to the disappearance of their sect.

[Fixed Form Hisao]

"The Jews" by Alan Unterman, translated by Koichi Ishikawa and Yu Ichikawa (1983, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ヨセフスの『ユダヤ古代誌』や『新約聖書』から知られるように、紀元前2世紀～後1世紀に存在したユダヤ教党派の一つ。サドカイの名称は、ソロモン時代（前10世紀）の祭司サドク（『旧約聖書』「列王紀」上2章35）に由来し、サドクの子孫を意味する。つまり同党派は、主として祭司で構成され、エルサレム神殿の供犠を重視した。また聖書本文の字句に固執した。この点で、律法がつねに新しく解釈されなければ死文化するという自覚に基づき柔軟な聖書解釈を展開したパリサイ派と鋭く対立した。そしてサドカイ派の神殿祭儀重視と字句拘泥主義とは、時代の変動のなかであえぐ民衆に対する指導力を欠き、ひいては自派の消滅を招いた。

［定形日佐雄］

『アラン・ウンターマン著、石川耕一郎・市川裕訳『ユダヤ人』（1983・筑摩書房）』

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