Tenor - Tenor (English spelling)

Japanese: テノール - てのーる(英語表記)tenor 英語
Tenor - Tenor (English spelling)

A musical term. Also called tenor, it has the following four uses:

(1) In medieval polyphonic music, the lowest voice (plain melody, Latin: contus firmus) supports the upper voices. This part was generally composed of long held notes, so the word tenor, derived from the Latin tenere, meaning "to hold," was given to it. Later, a bass part was added to the part lower than the tenor, and the tenor became the second-lowest part. After the Baroque period, the tenor came to be called tenor as it is today, referring to the second-lowest part in a four-part chorus.

(2) The highest range of the male voice. The range is generally C3 - A4 , but for opera soloists, C5 is often required. Furthermore, opera tenors are further classified according to their vocal quality into tenore lirico (Italian), which has a graceful and sweet voice, and Helden Tenor (German), which has a brilliant and powerful voice.

(3) The clef used for the tenor voice is called the tenor clef. It is a C clef with the fourth line of the staff set as C4 .

(4) Among the various sizes of related instruments, those with the same range as the tenor's vocal range are given the term tenor, such as the tenor recorder and tenor saxophone.

[Toshiaki Kurosaka]

[Reference] | Clef | Vocal range

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

音楽用語。テナーともいい、次の四つの用法がある。

(1)中世の多声楽曲のなかで上声部を支えるもっとも低い声部(定旋律。ラテン語でcontus firmus)。この声部は、一般に長い保持音から構成されていたため、「保持する」の意のテネーレtenere(ラテン語)に由来するテーノルの語があてられた。その後、テーノルより低い声部にバス声部が加えられ、テーノルは下から2番目の声部となる。バロック以降、テーノルは現在のようにテノールとよばれ、四声体の合唱曲における下から2番目の声部をさすようになった。

(2)男声のなかでもっとも高い声域。その音域は一般にC3-A4であるが、オペラの独唱などの場合、しばしばC5まで要求される。さらに、オペラのテノールの場合、声質によって、優美で甘い声のテノーレ・リリコtenore lirico(イタリア語)や、輝かしく力強い声のヘルデン・テノールHelden Tenor(ドイツ語)などに分類される。

(3)テノール声部のために使用される音部記号をテノール記号tenor clef(英語)という。これはハ音記号であり、五線譜の第四線をC4と定めたものである。

(4)多種の大きさがある同族楽器のなかで、テノールの声域と同じ音域をもつものに、テノール・リコーダーやテノール・サックスのようにテノールの語がつけられる。

[黒坂俊昭]

[参照項目] | 音部記号 | 声域

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