An index of wages paid to workers, based on a certain point in time, so that the level and fluctuation of wages can be compared over time, region, or industry. There are two methods of calculation: dividing the total amount of wages paid at the current time by that at the base time, and dividing the average wage per worker at the current time by that at the base time. The former method is called a total wage index, and the latter method is called an average wage index. Wage indices should be calculated so that they can be compared with other prices or so that the price of an average worker's labor can be grasped. However, due to the constraints of the basic data used to compile the index, in reality, one of these methods is usually used. In any index, the influence of changes in employment structure (industry, age, gender, etc.) that occurred between the base time and the comparison time (present time) cannot be avoided. This influence generally becomes significant as the time moves away from the base time, so the base time is updated from time to time. The wage index currently compiled in Japan is an average wage index based on the method of compilation, and is compiled based on the average wage obtained from the "Monthly Labor Survey" conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. It is compiled by industry (major classification and manufacturing medium classification) for total cash wages, regular wages, and scheduled wages for business establishments with 5 or more regular employees and 30 or more regular employees. These are nominal wage indices, but in addition, for total cash wages and regular wages, real wage indices are compiled by deflating the nominal wage index with the Consumer Price Index (however, only for all industries and all manufacturing). [Tadashi Takashima] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
労働者に支払われている賃金を、時間的、地域的に、または業種間などで、その水準や変動状況を比較可能なように、一定時点を基準として指数化したもの。その作成方法としては、一般的に、現時点の賃金支払総額を基準時点のそれで割る方法と、現時点の労働者1人当りの平均賃金を基準時点のそれで割る方法とが考えられる。前者の作成方法によるものは賃金総額指数、後者のそれは平均賃金指数とよびうるものである。賃金指数は、本来、他の諸物価と対比可能なように、あるいは、平均的な一労働者の労働の対価を把握しうるように作成されるべきものであるが、実際には、指数作成の基礎資料上の制約から、これらのいずれかの作成方法によるのが普通である。そして、いずれの指数においても、基準時点から比較時点(現時点)に至る間に生じた雇用構造(業種、年齢、性別など)の変動の影響が入り込むことは避けられない。この影響は、基準時点から遠く離れるにしたがって、一般に無視しえないものとなるため、ときおり基準時点を更新することが行われる。 現在わが国で作成されている賃金指数は、作成方法からは平均賃金指数に該当し、厚生労働省で行われている「毎月勤労統計調査」から得られる平均賃金に基づいて作成されている。常用労働者5人以上および30人以上の事業所を対象に、現金給与総額、定期給与、所定内給与について、産業(大分類および製造業中分類)別に作成されている。これらは名目賃金指数であるが、そのほかに、現金給与総額および定期給与に関しては、名目賃金指数を消費者物価指数でデフレートすることによって、実質賃金指数が作成されている(ただし、全産業および全製造についてのみ)。 [高島 忠] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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