In times of war, a belligerent nation takes control of the property, mainly private property, of enemy nationals within its own territory. This is a measure taken to prevent the enemy nation from using that private property and to maintain the nation's wartime economy, but after World War I, when total war took hold, the control of enemy property became stricter, and as an emergency wartime measure, the property and businesses of enemy nationals were even liquidated or disposed of. Private property that becomes subject to enemy property control should normally be released from control and returned after the war, but the property of the defeated nation's nationals that was in the victorious nation may be used as part of the reparations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
戦時において,交戦国が自国領域内にある敵国人の主として私有財産をその管理下におくこと。その私有財産を敵国が利用するのを防止するとともに,自国の戦時経済を維持するためにとられる措置であるが,総力戦の形をとった第1次世界大戦以降は敵産管理はきびしくなり,戦時非常措置として敵国人の財産,事業などの清算ないし処分さえも行われるようになった。敵産管理の対象となった私有財産は,本来終戦後管理を解いて返還されるべきものであるが,戦勝国にあった敗戦国の国民の財産は賠償の一部に充当されることがある。
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