Tarquinia (English spelling)

Japanese: タルクイニア（英語表記）Tarquinia

A city in Viterbo Province, northwest of Lazio, in central-west Italy. It is located about 80 km northwest of Rome and 7 km inland from the Tyrrhenian coast. It is known for the Etruscan ruins on a hill 2 km northeast. Etruscan culture was already established in the 8th century BC. It played a leading role in the League of 12 Etruscan cities in the 6th century BC. It reached its peak in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, and was known for its mineral resources, crafts such as bronze and pottery, as well as linen for sailcloth. It was defeated by Rome in 351 BC and became a colony in 181 BC. It later became a trading center for salt, wine, and coral, but declined due to a malaria epidemic in the 5th century and the invasion of the Lombards in the 6th century. Thousands of tombs (6th to 4th centuries BC), frescoes inside, and a vase inscribed with the name of Egyptian king Boccolis (8th century BC) are particularly well-known among Etruscan ruins and artifacts. These ruins, together with the Cerveteri ruins, were registered as a World Heritage Site in 2004. The Tarquinia National Museum (formerly the Biteleschi Palace) is famous for its exhibition of Etruscan artefacts. Population: 13,784 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イタリア中西部，ラツィオ州北西部，ビテルボ県の都市。ローマ北西約 80km，チレニア海岸から 7km内陸に位置する。北東 2kmの丘上にあるエトルリアの遺跡で知られる。前8世紀には，すでにエトルリア文化が成立。前6世紀のエトルリア 12都市同盟で指導的役割を果たした。前4～3世紀に最盛期を迎え，鉱物資源や，青銅器，陶器などの工芸に加え，帆布用の亜麻布で知られた。前 351年にローマに敗れ，前 181年にその植民都市となった。そののちは，塩，ワイン，サンゴの集散地となったが，5世紀のマラリアの流行，6世紀のランゴバルドの侵攻などで衰退。数千の墓 (前6～4世紀) や内部のフレスコ壁画，エジプト王ボッコリス (前8世紀) の名を刻んだ壺などは，エトルリア遺跡，遺物のなかでも，特に知られている。これらの遺跡群は，2004年チェルベテリ遺跡とともに世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。国立タルクイニア博物館 (旧ビテレスキ宮殿) はエトルリア遺物の展示で名高い。人口1万 3784 (1991推計) 。

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