A system that models the human thought process and expresses it in letters and symbols. It is a concept that contrasts with the natural language that humans normally speak and write. Formal language consists of multiple symbols as elements and the syntactic rules (grammar) that link them. The relationship between programming languages used by computers and formal languages was born when American linguist Avram Noam Chomsky provided a mathematical model called generative grammar as syntactic rules. The theory is closely related to how to translate programs written in programming languages into machine code, for example. Furthermore, formal language theory is an essential concept in various areas of the foundations of computer science, such as the theory of computation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ヒトの思考過程をモデル化し,文字・記号で表した体系。普通にヒトが話したり書いたりする自然言語に対立する概念。形式言語は,要素となる複数個の記号とそれらを結びつける構文規則(文法)からなる。構文規則としてアメリカ合衆国の言語学者アブラム・ノーム・チョムスキーが生成文法という数学的モデルを与えたことにより,コンピュータで使われるプログラム言語と形式言語の関係が生まれた。その理論は,たとえばプログラム言語で書かれたプログラムをどのように機械語に翻訳すればよいかに密接に関係している。さらに計算の理論など,コンピュータ科学の基礎のさまざまなところで形式言語理論は必須の概念となっている。
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