Teotihuacan culture

Japanese: テオティワカン文化 - テオティワカンぶんか（英語表記）Teotihuacán culture

Teotihuacan means "city of gods" or "place where men become gods" in Nahuatl. It is a representative example of Mexico's Classical culture (c. 300 BC to 600 AD), and its type ruins are the Teotihuacan ruins located 50 km north of Mexico City. It is generally divided into four periods. The first period (300 BC to 150 AD) corresponds to the late formative period, when a sun-dried brick platform was built on top of which a temple was enshrined, and the foundations of the temple-city were laid. In the second period (150 BC to 250 AD), huge structures such as the "Pyramid of the Sun" and the "Pyramid of the Moon" were constructed, and a large, orderly city was born. Classification of social classes and specialization of occupations also progressed, and brilliantly colored murals, stone carvings, and gorgeous pottery were produced, and fertility rites and various rituals developed. The third period (250-350) was the peak of the city's arts and crafts, when the Temple of Quetzalcoatl (the Winged Serpent) was built. Trade was also widespread during this period. The fourth period (400-600) saw the culture decline as the Toltecs invaded from the north. At the end of the period, the temples and palaces were burned down, the inhabitants migrated south, and the city was abandoned.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

テオティワカンとは，ナワトル語で神の都または人が神になるところの意。メキシコの代表的な古典期文化 (前 300～後 600頃) で，標式遺跡は，メキシコシティーの北 50kmに位置するテオティワカン遺跡。一般に4期に分けられる。1期 (前 300～150) は文化形成期の後期にあたり，頂部に神殿を祭る日干し煉瓦の基壇が建てられ，神殿都市の基礎が築かれた。2期 (前 150～後 250) には「太陽のピラミッド」「月のピラミッド」など巨大な建造物が構築され，整然とした大都市が誕生した。身分階層の分化，職業の専門化も進み，極彩色の壁画，石彫，華麗な土器が製作され，豊穣儀礼や各種の祭祀行事が発達した。3期 (250～350) は最盛期を迎え「ケツァルコアトル (翼蛇) の神殿」が建ち，美術工芸の水準は最高潮に達した。またこの時期は広く交易が行われた。4期 (400～600) は北方からトルテカ族の侵入を受けて文化は衰退し，末期には神殿，宮殿も焼け落ちて，住民は南方へ移動し，都市は放棄された。

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