An iron ring attached to the bottom of a horse's hoof to protect it. The invention of the horseshoe allowed humans to make better use of horses for riding, packing, and driving, leading to significant advances in economy and culture. It is unclear when and where the horseshoe was invented. Before the invention of the horseshoe, hooves were protected with straw, cloth, leather, fur, etc. The Romans used iron hipposandals (horse shoes). There are two theories about the appearance of horseshoes, which are attached to horseshoes with nails, one that says it was by the Celts around the time of Christ, and the other that says it was around the 10th century. There are normal horseshoes and ice horseshoes, and modern horseshoes for racing are made of aluminum. The shape of a horseshoe for the front legs is nearly circular, while for the hind legs it is slightly oval. A horseshoe is divided into three parts: the iron head, the iron side, and the iron tail. The nail holes are on the iron side. The nails are driven into the sole edge (negative edge of the hoof) on the outside of the white band (white line) on the bottom of the hoof. Horseshoes were known in Japan through the Portuguese who came to Japan during the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the Dutch during the Edo period. However, horseshoes were rarely used until the end of the Edo period, and horse shoes (waraji) were mainly used. Horse shoes were made from straw, as well as women's hair, horse tail hair, whale baleen, and palm bark. In the records of the introduction of equestrianism to the Netherlands during the time of Shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in the mid-Edo period, horseshoes are translated as "kanaguttsu." The character "shoe" (horseshoe) appeared at the end of the Edo period. [Shinichi Matsuo] "History of Horseback Riding and Driving" by Kamo Giichi (1980, Hosei University Press)" ▽ "History of Japanese Equestrianism, Volume 4" edited by the Japan Riding Association (1940, Dai Nippon Kidokai/1980, Hara Shobo) [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> Names of parts of a horseshoe and the shape of the hoof Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ウマのひづめの底につける鉄製の輪で、ひづめの保護をするもの。人類は蹄鉄の発明によって、乗用、荷用、車用としてウマをよく利用できるようになり、経済や文化を著しく進展させることができた。蹄鉄がいつどこで発明されたかについては不明である。蹄鉄が発明される前は、藁(わら)、布、皮、毛皮などでひづめを保護していた。ローマ人は鉄製のヒポサンダル(馬靴)を用いていた。馬蹄に釘(くぎ)で取り付けた蹄鉄の出現の時期を紀元前後のケルト人によるとする説と、10世紀前後であるとする説がある。 蹄鉄には普通の蹄鉄と氷上蹄鉄があり、現在の競馬用蹄鉄はアルミニウム製である。蹄鉄の形は、前肢用は円形に近く、後肢用はやや楕円(だえん)形になっている。蹄鉄は鉄頭、鉄側、鉄尾の三部に区分される。釘孔(あな)は鉄側にある。釘は蹄の底面の白帯(白線)の外側の蹄底縁(蹄負縁)に打ち込む。 日本では、蹄鉄は、安土(あづち)桃山時代に渡来したポルトガル人や江戸時代のオランダ人を通して知られていた。しかし、江戸末期まで蹄鉄はほとんど用いられず、主として馬沓(うまくつ)(馬草鞋(わらじ))が用いられていた。馬沓は、藁のほかに、女性の髪毛、馬の尾の毛、クジラのひげ、シュロの皮などでもつくられた。江戸中期、将軍徳川吉宗(よしむね)の時代のオランダ馬術紹介の記録には蹄鉄のことを「金沓(かなぐつ)」と訳してある。江戸末期には「蹄鉄」という文字が出現している。 [松尾信一] 『加茂儀一著『騎行・車行の歴史』(1980・法政大学出版局)』▽『日本乗馬協会編『日本馬術史 第四巻』(1940・大日本騎道会/1980・原書房)』 [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 蹄鉄の各部名称とひづめの形状 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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